Previous studies1,2 have reported that the prevalence of celiac disease in the United States is increasing, although these studies were limited to narrow populations and were not nationally representative. At the same time, there is a current popular trend of people following gluten-free diets,3 beyond what would be expected if it were solely attributable to the increasing prevalence of celiac disease. It may be in part because of a public belief that the diet is healthier. The purpose of this study was to examine the current trends in the prevalence of celiac disease and adherence to a gluten-free diet, including people without celiac disease, using nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANESs) 2009-2014.