Facial Reanimation

This survey study examines the societal perception of facial deformities and surgical facial reanimation.

This systematic review examines whether objective instruments of midface movement are reported to be used in outcome measurements for patients treated with dynamic methods for facial paralysis.

This cross-sectional database analysis assesses the incidence and types of facial nerve reanimation performed concurrently with total parotidectomy and facial nerve sacrifice among patients identified in the American College of Surgeons–National Surgical Quality Improvement Project database.

This Viewpoint discusses the shared patient-physician decision-making process and suggests a 6-step approach for implementing the practice before surgical treatment of long-standing facial palsy in adults and children.

This experimental study uses a mouse model to determine whether human induced pluripotent stem cells derived from motor neurons can engraft in an immunodeficient mouse model of sciatic nerve injury.

This study measures the health state utility of varying degrees of facial paralysis, willingness to pay for repair, and the value of facial reanimation surgery as perceived by a group of casual observers.

This medical record review describes facial nerve reconstruction using concurrent masseteric nerve transfer and cable grafting in patients undergoing radical parotidectomy.

This case series examines the outcomes of the transposition of the infratemeporal facial nerve for end-to-side coaptation to the hypoglossal nerve for facial reanimation and reinnervation.

This study evaluated the use of the pattern of facial paralysis recovery in the early postoperative months as a sole predictor in selecting patients for facial nerve grafting after cerebellopontine angle tumor resection when cranial nerve VII is uninterrupted.

This special communication summarizes a contemporary approach to the management of facial nerve insults to restore facial balance and movement.

This study of patients with unilateral facial paralysis found labial strength to be reduced across the lip and recommends the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument as an effective tool for measuring labial strength and evaluating the effectiveness of facial reanimation procedures.

This cadaveric dissection study finds that modifications of lengthening temporalis myoplasty for facial paralysis reanimation must be considered with caution because the maximal lengthening potential can be obtained only when performing all 7 surgical steps.

This case series shows that orthodromic temporalis tendon transfer for dynamic facial reanimation in children seems to be safe and effective.

Eisenhardt et al report a series of 3 failed free muscle transfers for facial reanimation among 21 free flap transfers for facial reanimation. To salvage the muscle, they performed coaptation of the neural pedicle from the cross-facial nerve graft to the masseteric nerve, leaving the fixation sutures of the muscle at the oral commissure in place.

Bhama et al report objective excursion and symmetry outcomes from a series of free gracilis cases and investigate the predictive value of intraoperative measurements on final outcomes.

Boahene et al measure the available excursion of the temporalis muscle-tendon unit after release from the coronoid in 13 consecutive patients undergoing the temporalis muscle-tendon transfer procedure for facial reanimation. Tension was varied on the released tendon during electrical stimulation of the muscle to determine the optimal muscle length.

Kim et al use videos of 5 symmetrical facial movements to determine the participants’ detection threshold of side-to-side facial movement timing asymmetry and measure its effect on perceived movement naturalness.

Alam and coauthors assess the technical feasibility of and define the surgical procedure for harvesting the sternohyoid muscle as a novel free flap for facial reanimation.