JAMA Health Forum

Mission Statement: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open-access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health, and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports, and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity, and reform. Health policy leaders contribute timely and insightful commentary via the JAMA Forum, and news briefs cover major reports released by government agencies, foundations, health-policy think tanks, and other policy-focused organizations. JAMA Health Forum is a member of the JAMA Network, a consortium of peer-reviewed, general medical and specialty publications. The journal also presents curated health policy content from across the JAMA Network, including JAMA, JAMA Internal Medicine, and other JAMA Network journals.

• John Z. Ayanian, MD, MPP, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

• Melinda B. Buntin, PhD, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee

• Julie M. Donohue, PhD, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

• Said Ibrahim, MD, MPH, MBA, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York

• Alan M. Zaslavsky, PhD, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

• Joan Stephenson, PhD, JAMA Network, Chicago, Illinois

• Eva Scalzo, MA, Endwell, New York

• Kyle Gavulic, BA, Nashville, Tennessee

• JAMA Health Forum

• Institute for Healthcare Policy & Innovation

• University of Michigan

• 2800 Plymouth Rd

• North Campus Research Complex (NCRC), Bldg 16

• Ann Arbor, MI 48109

• jamahealthforum@jamanetwork.org

• Abebe Bekele, MD, University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda

• Ana Diez Roux, MD, PhD, MPH, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

• Richard Frank, PhD, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

• Rebekah E. Gee, MD, MPH, MSHPR, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana

• Thomas LaVeist, PhD, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana

• Ninez Ponce, PhD, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California

• Katherine Baicker, PhD, Harris School of Public Policy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois

• Kirstin Bibbins-Domingo, MD, PhD, MAS, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco

• Stuart M. Butler, PhD, Brookings Institution, Washington, DC

• Dave A. Chokshi, MD, MSc, New York City Health + Hospitals, New York, New York

• Lisa Cooper, MD, MPH, Johns Hopkins Schools of Medicine, Nursing, and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland

• David Cutler, PhD, Department of Economics and Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts

• Sandro Galea, MD, DrPH, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts

• Sherry Glied, PhD, MA, Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, New York, New York

• Lawrence O. Gostin, JD, O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC

• Scott Gottlieb, MD, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC

• Larry Levitt, MPP, Kaiser Family Foundation, San Francisco, California

• Diana J. Mason, PhD, RN, Center for Health Policy and Media Engagement, George Washington University School of Nursing, Washington, DC

• Michelle M. Mello, JD, PhD, Stanford Law School, Stanford, California

• Joshua M. Sharfstein, MD, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland

• Benjamin D. Sommers, MD, PhD, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts

• Joan M. Teno MD, MS, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon

• Gail Wilensky, PhD, Project HOPE, Bethesda, Maryland

• Offices 330 N Wabash Ave, Chicago, IL 60611

• Interim Editor in Chief Phil B. Fontanarosa, MD, MBA

• Executive Managing Editor Annette Flanagin

• Managing Editor Brenda Gregoline

• Deputy Managing Editor John McFadden

• Assistant Deputy Managing Editor Amy Nicoletti

• Manuscript Editors Gabriel Dietz, Amanda Ehrhardt (senior manuscript editors); Hillary C. Ford, Emily Greenhow, Stephanie R. Holland, Jamie Scott, Kirby Snell

• Freelance Manuscript Editing Manager Connie L. Manno

• Freelance Manuscript Editing Coordinators Sara M. Billings (senior coordinator); Doug Brandt, Timothy Gray, Peter J. Olson, Juliet A. Orellana, Paul Ruich, Kirby Snell

• Freelance Copy Editors and Copyreaders Judith A. Ahlers, Stephanie Lang Beckmeyer, Jane Calayag, Jan Clavey, Mary Coerver-Connolly, Heather E. Flint, Bernadette M. Hromin, Paul G. Jaworski, Ruth A. Kaufman, Laura King, Julia L. Kurtz, Martha W. Lentz, Jenny MacKay, Tanya M. Martin, Charon Pierson, Lori Michelle Ryan, Thressa D. Smith, Annette Theuring, Donna J. Thordsen, Christine Tilles, Cara M. Wallace, Caroline A. V. Woods

• Visual Abstract Editors Heather E. Hsu, MD, MPH, Andrew M. Ibrahim, MD, MSc

• Directors Larry Bryant, Jacob Kendall-Taylor, Monica Mungle

• Managers and Staff Fanny L. Brown, Anna Bukowski, Lee Calibeo, Lenette Gardner-Gullens, Tosca Hall, Erin Kato, Rachell Lozano, Sylvia Orellana, Kenneth Otani, Caroline Sietmann, Angelia Waltower

• Deputy Editor and Director Michael Berkwits, MD

• Digital Media Production Eric Butkus, Jesse McQuarters (managers); Elena Guobyte, Emily Ling, Daniel Morrow, Shelly Steffens (producers)

• Social Media Eman Hassaballa Aly (manager); Reuben Rios (coordinator)

• Electronic Media Systems and Services Mary Lynn Ferkaluk (manager); Jonathan Laxamana (coordinator)

• Director Marla A. Jefferson

• Staff Deanna Willis, Yolanda Davis

• Editorial Counsel Joseph P. Thornton, JD

• Manager Deanna Bellandi

• Staff Jim Michalski

• Senior Vice President and Executive Publisher Thomas J. Easley

• Group Vice President and Publisher Brian Shields

• Vice President, Publishing Production Operations Karen Adams-Taylor

• Vice President, Digital Product Management and Development Paul Gee

• Staff Rhonda Bailey Brown, Monica Smith

• Director Jeffery J. Bonistalli

• Manager Kathy Russell

• Staff Mirna Monal

• Sales Representative Stacey McHugh, Tim Melroy

• Director, Marketing Mark Thornbury

• Staff Tricia Castellano

• Director Anna Frazier

• Coordinator Meghan Thue

• Media Consultants Sade DeRamus-Townsend, Thalia Moss

• Recruitment Engagement Specialist Tony Ralenkotter

• Sales Representatives Marsha Fogler, Rachel Sisholtz

• Director, Worldwide Sales Vida Damijonaitis

• Managers Saskia Bolore, Gretchen Linder, Brian McCartney

• Sales Representatives Christine Hearne, Natasha Nekola

• Staff Henry Aguillon, David Baum, Ron Thomas

• Directors Rick Bell, Elizabeth Solaro, Sara Zimmerman

• Associate Publisher/Senior Product Development Geoffrey Flick

• Managers Lindsay Dawson, Ellen Gibson, Craig McCaffrey, Michael McGraw, Daniel Pickhardt, Romando Rossini, Sarah Subramanian, Stacy Tucker, KC Walsh

• Business Analyst Sirisha Alluri

• Staff Millette Jackson-Bates, Tom Miller, Jacob Mishkin, Morgan Osgood

• Directors Karl Elvin, Nancy Essex, Jaye Mize, Sean O’Donnell, Sue Sherrill

• Managers David Antos, Anthony Bautista, Chris Borden, Debbie Camp, Jennifer Carney, Lydia Cruz, Scott Curl, Diane Darnell, Nanette Diaz, Jordynn Farrar, Allison Hughes, Tiffany Jones, Colleen Kelly, John Lash, Chris Meyer, Annemarie Neff, J.D. Neff, Sean Ohlson, Phil O’Leary, Bill Pedone, Susan Price, Jaynam Shah, Erin Spencer, Denise Steinhauser, Joe Wixted

• Advertising and Production Services Ahmed Avendano, Kim Boler, Fin Carter, Michael Deegan, Daniel DeGroot, Euwanaha Joiner-Smith, Joshua Lane, Cindy Rendlen, Ellen Yoshihara, Annissa Zak

• Circulation Services Julie Burton, Ronna Hewitt, Mary Sieck, Geneine Van Someren, Jamaal Vargas

• Content Production Systems Mike Bujewski, Nathan Mitre

• Digital Production Regina Brownlee, Amanda Camino, Brenda Chandler-Grayer, Emily Dunn, Amy Evers, Maleeka Holden, Teri Hutchison, Dan Knowles, Joshua Lampinen, Natalie Marsh, Patricia E. Panek, Marla Seidell, La’son Diggs Sledge, Julian Wiley

• Graphics Joe Amft, James Collver, Maria Duda, Fred Furtner, Carolyn Hall, Maria Kowalkowski

• Proofreading Carol Joy Farrell, Maria Giannini, Sasha Grossman, Judith A. Literskis, Teresa H. Omiotek, Michael Ryder

• Executive Vice President, Chief Executive Officer James L. Madara, MD

JAMA Network is a consortium of peer-reviewed medical publications that includes JAMA® and the JAMA Network journals. JAMA Health Forum does not hold itself responsible for statements made by any contributor. All articles published, including opinion articles, represent the views of the authors and do not reflect the policy of the Journal, the American Medical Association, or the institution with which the author is affiliated, unless otherwise indicated.

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