A growing proportion of women who graduate from US medical schools are choosing to pursue a career in surgery. These individuals are no longer greatly outnumbered by their male colleagues during training, and they have a small but growing number of women surgeons in leadership roles to seek for mentorship. But analyses suggest that women surgeons continue to suffer stigma associated with pregnancy during their training years and face other challenges—such as sex bias and obstacles to career advancement—as they progress in their careers.