Advances in the understanding of the genome, combined with affordable sequencing techniques and innovations in drug development, are ushering in an era of molecular diagnostics and individualized therapeutics with the potential to meaningfully enhance human health through effective prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. As the genetic origins of many diseases become better understood, risks and prognoses can be assessed based upon knowledge of genetic mutations, while biomarkers are becoming available to predict pharmacologic response in unique patients. This revolution in genomic medicine, sometimes also called personalized or precision medicine, has the ability to advance both disease prevention and patient outcomes.