As has been true for decades, the United States remains the global leader in biomedical research. Although that position is increasingly challenged by other countries, and US purchasing power for biomedical research has been significantly eroded over the last 10 years, the United States still invests more than any other country in research; leads in the number of publications, patents, and awards; and has an infrastructure that allows discoveries to progress to products. Given this strength, what more can the United States gain by investing in global health research?