In 2004, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors put forward a fundamental truth: “The case against selective reporting is particularly compelling for research that tests interventions that could enter mainstream clinical practice.”1 There is perhaps no arena in medical research where the threat of selective reporting is greater than in the emerging field of deep brain stimulation (DBS) and neuromodulation. This intervention is now being studied2 for the treatment of several psychiatric diseases such as treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder, major depression, and Tourette syndrome as well as behavioral conditions like obesity, violent behavior, and substance abuse.