The potential of women in medicine and science, like those in many other professions, has not been fully realized.1 When compared with men, women in these fields are paid less,2,3 have higher rates of attrition,4 have fewer scientific publications,5 and are less likely to apply for NIH funding and to be principal investigators.6 It is not surprising therefore, that women are less likely to advance to the highest ranks in academic medicine.7