On September 30, 2017, temporary federal funding for teaching health centers (THCs) will end unless Congress includes extended fiscal support for the program in the April 2017 budget resolution. Within this context, a review of the state of the THC program is important. The THC graduate medical education (GME) program was established in 2011 by the Affordable Care Act (ACA) to fund community-based, ambulatory primary care residency programs in an effort to address an increasing shortage of clinicians and systemic barriers to primary care residency improvement.1,2 In 2015, the THC program was renewed as part of the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (MACRA). This Viewpoint discusses the history of the THC GME program, its performance, and recommendations for its sustainability.