The development and availability of highly effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) for the treatment of HIV infection has transformed the lives of persons with HIV. Combinations of antiretroviral drugs often in the form of a single pill have succeeded in a high percentage of patients in suppressing plasma viremia to below detectable levels by the standard assays. The clinical success of ART in effecting full and sustained suppression of HIV viremia has permitted persons with HIV today to live an approximately normal life expectancy, often with return to normal daily activities.