In Reply Our Editorial accompanied the report of the VITAL-DKD trial.1,2 The focus of that article and our Editorial was the lack of benefit of vitamin D supplementation over placebo for prevention of chronic kidney disease end points. We concluded that the VITAL-DKD and D2d trials “provide strong clinical trial–grade evidence against … kidney-protective effects of routine vitamin D3 supplementation in the vast majority of patients with prediabetes or established type 2 diabetes,” and emphasized the discrepancy between the “negative” results of these trials relative to previous observational studies that suggested benefits of higher vitamin D levels.