As a result of the 2020 election, Democrats now have control of 3 bodies of national government: the presidency and both houses of Congress. But their margins in the Senate and House of Representatives are slim, which likely means very close votes on major legislation. Over time, the voting patterns of elected officials have tipped more closely to the views of people who identify with their own political party than those of the public as a whole, emphasizing the importance of analyzing policy preferences by party. Since the mid-1990s, those who identify with the 2 political parties have grown further apart in their policy preferences. In 2019, average Democrats differed from average Republicans in their views across 30 policy-related issues about what government should do in the future by 39 percentage points, more than double the gap in 1994.1 What is not often recognized is how profoundly divided those who identify as Democrats and Republicans are on key issues of health care policy today, such as Medicaid spending and abortion.