In November 2021, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) announced a strategy to achieve near-universal participation in value-based payment models by 2030.1 Core to this strategy is the goal that every beneficiary should be in a clinical care relationship that has accountability for quality and total cost of care. Achieving this goal will require harmonizing the CMS foundational value-based payment models that focus on accountability across the continuum of care (ie, population-based models) with those that target specific diseases, acute events, or sites of care (ie, episode or bundled payment models).