In September 1980, we interviewed by telephone 50 patients with menstrually associated toxic shock syndrome (TSS) who had onset of illness in July or August 1980. These women were asked to provide information about the type of menstrual sanitary products used during the menstrual period associated with their illness. We also interviewed 150 age-matched control subjects, who were asked the same questions for the menstrual period that occurred in the same month as the illness of the matched case. All 50 cases, but only 125 of 150 controls, used tampons. Among women using tampons, cases were more likely to have used Rely® brand tampons when compared with controls. No differences were found between cases and controls in the absorbency of tampon products used. No other factors studied through analysis of a follow-up questionnaire mailed five months after the first study were found to be significantly associated with the development of menstrually associated TSS.
(JAMA 1982;248:835-839)