Errors of refraction assume so many forms and are so variously treated that I could wish very much to hear the whole subject discussed. This evening I wish to give examples of two classes of cases, in one of which I have more recently adopted a method of treatment, the merits of which entitle it to more general recognition. These are cases of simple myopic astigmatism of low degree (say 1/40 to 1/12). Whether they be due to spasm of accommodation or not, I am inclined to think it would always be best for near vision to substitute a plus cylinder, with its axis at right angles to that of the minus cylinder found for distance.
Dr. Culbertson asserts that in non-spasmodic myopic astigmatism, a plus cylinder used as just stated will, in many instances, correct the ametropia, and he proceeds to illustrate the manner in which the ciliary asthenopia