Nicotine Pouch Unit Sales in the US, 2016-2020

In 2016, a tobacco product commonly referred to as nicotine pouches entered the US market. These prefilled, microfiber pouches contain nicotine powder that dissolves in the mouth without requiring spitting. Nicotine pouches contain nicotine salts that deliver high levels of nicotine with less irritation than the free-base nicotine in most smokeless tobacco products.^1,2 Nicotine is highly addictive, harms fetal development, and can harm brain development through age 25 years.³ Leading smokeless tobacco manufacturers sell nicotine pouches in varying strengths and flavors as the brands on! (Altria), Velo (British American Tobacco [BAT]), and ZYN (Swedish Match). Marketing materials describe the products as “tobacco-free,” “all white,” and more discreet and convenient than electronic and conventional cigarettes.^2,4

The extent of nicotine pouch consumption is unknown. We assessed US nicotine pouch sales using retail scanner data.

Data for all US sales of nicotine pouches from March 27, 2016, through June 13, 2020, were licensed from the Nielsen Company for convenience, club, discount, and dollar stores; mass merchandisers; supermarkets; pharmacies; and military commissaries in the contiguous 48 states and Washington, DC. National-level unit and dollar sales for each universal product code (UPC) were provided in 4-week aggregates.

Nicotine pouch products were identified through external market research and review of UPC variables. One unit was defined as a container of (typically 15-20) nicotine pouches. Unit sales were aggregated by year, manufacturer, flavor, and venue. Shares of unit sales by manufacturer were calculated as a proportion of total unit sales. Dollar sales were inflation adjusted to 2020 dollars. Average monthly percentage change (AMPC) in unit sales and 95% CIs, by manufacturer and flavor, were calculated using Joinpoint version 4.8.0.1 (National Cancer Institute), a segmented regression analysis application. Statistically significant AMPCs did not cross 0.

Nicotine pouch sales were observed among 5 manufacturers, with Swedish Match and Altria data first appearing in July and August 2016, respectively; Kretek International in February 2018; and BAT and Rogue in July and November 2019, respectively.

Nicotine pouch sales increased from 163 178 units ($709 635) in 2016 to 45 965 455 units ($216 886 819) during the January to June 13, 2020, period (July 2016–June 2020 unit AMPC, 10.9 [95% CI, 10.4-11.4]; Figure 1). Mint flavors (including spearmint and wintergreen) were most commonly sold across the study period. However, during the January 2019–June 2020 period, unit sales of fruit-flavored nicotine pouches (AMPC, 19.2 [95% CI, 14.2-24.5]) increased more rapidly than mint (AMPC, 10.1 [95% CI, 8.5-11.8]) and other nonfruit or nonmint flavors (AMPC, 9.3 [95% CI, 8.1-10.4]; Figure 2).

Swedish Match led unit share, peaking at 92.6% in July 2019. By June 2020, Swedish Match comprised 78.7% of unit share, followed by Altria (10.0%), BAT (7.6%), Rogue (2.4%), and Kretek International (1.3%). Convenience stores accounted for 97.7% of total sales.

Sales of nicotine pouches have increased considerably since 2016. Convenience stores were the primary nicotine pouch sales venue, and Swedish Match led unit sales. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, BAT reports “pivoting consumer activations into digital”⁵; additionally, a nicotine pouch e-commerce site reported 250% US sales growth during the January-June 2020 period.⁴

All tobacco products, including nicotine pouches, are regulated by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Manufacturers of nicotine pouches are required to submit certain product information to the FDA, convey nicotine warnings, and comply with marketing restrictions.

Limitations of the study include that it could not assess purchaser age. Data may reflect sales to adults or direct or indirect sales to youth. Additionally, sales may be underestimated because data do not include e-commerce or tobacco specialty store transactions.

Noncombustible nicotine products might benefit nonpregnant adults if used as complete smoking substitutes.³ However, nicotine pouches have similar nicotine content to conventional tobacco products⁶; nicotine is addictive and poses significant health risks for young people.³ Moreover, nicotine pouches’ flavors and marketing for discreet use mirror e-cigarette marketing tactics known to attract nicotine-naive young people.^1,3 Given the expanding range of tobacco products, clinicians should ask patients about any tobacco product use, including nicotine pouches.³

Corresponding Author: Kristy L. Marynak, MPP, Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS S107-7, Atlanta, GA 30341 (kmarynak@cdc.gov).

Accepted for Publication: June 8, 2021.

Author Contributions: Mr Borowiecki and Dr Kim had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

Concept and design: Marynak, Wang, Borowiecki, Tynan, King.

Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: All authors.

Drafting of the manuscript: Marynak, Borowiecki, King.

Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Marynak, Wang, Kim, Tynan, Emery, King.

Statistical analysis: Marynak, Borowiecki, Kim.

Obtained funding: King.

Administrative, technical, or material support: Wang, Tynan, King.

Supervision: Kim, Tynan, Emery, King.

Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

Funding/Support: This work was funded by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The CDC participated in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, and approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the CDC. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the CDC, the Public Health Service, or the US Department of Health and Human Services.