December 22/29, 2015, Vol 314, No. 24, Pages 2591-2701

In This Issue of JAMA

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2015;314(24):2591-2593. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.12159

Audio Editors' Summary: Ovarian suppression during breast cancer chemotherapy, pain control for pleurodesis, neuroimaging for TBI, and more.

Original Investigation

Ovarian Suppression With Triptorelin During Adjuvant Breast Cancer Chemotherapy and Long-term Ovarian Function, Pregnancies, and Disease-Free Survival: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Matteo Lambertini, MD; Luca Boni, MD; Andrea Michelotti, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2015;314(24):2632-2640. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.17291

This randomized clinical trial evaluates the effects of ovarian suppression using the luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone analogue triptorelin on long-term ovarian function, pregnancies, and disease-free survival among premenopausal women receiving adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy.

Editorial
Prevention of Premature Menopause and Preservation of Fertility in Young Cancer Survivors: Hopeful Though Modest Long-term Results
Ann H. Partridge, MD, MPH

Effect of Opioids vs NSAIDs and Larger vs Smaller Chest Tube Size on Pain Control and Pleurodesis Efficacy Among Patients With Malignant Pleural Effusion: The TIME1 Randomized Clinical Trial

Najib M. Rahman, DPhil; Justin Pepperell, MD; Sunita Rehal, MSc; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2015;314(24):2641-2653. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.16840

This 2×2 factorial randomized trial compares the effects of larger vs smaller chest tube size and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs vs opiates on pain and efficacy of pleurodesis in patients with malignant pleural effusion.

Live-Birth Rate Associated With Repeat In Vitro Fertilization Treatment Cycles

Andrew D. A. C. Smith, PhD; Kate Tilling, PhD; Scott M. Nelson, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2015;314(24):2654-2662. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.17296

This study uses national United Kingdom in vitro fertilization (IVF) data to investigate the live-birth rate per IVF cycle and cumulative live-birth rate across all cycles by women’s age and treatment type between 2003 and 2010.

Audio Author Interview: Live-Birth Rate and Repeat In Vitro Fertilization Treatment

Editorial
Repeated In Vitro Fertilization Cycles for Infertility
Evan R. Myers, MD, MPH

Acute Flaccid Myelitis of Unknown Etiology in California, 2012-2015

Keith Van Haren, MD; Patrick Ayscue, DVM; Emmanuelle Waubant, MD, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2015;314(24):2663-2671. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.17275

This case series describes the clinical characteristics and natural course of patients with acute flaccid paralysis reported to the California Department of Public Health between June 2012 and July 2015, and compares case incidence during a US enterovirus D68 outbreak with other monitoring periods.

Research Letter

Association of Paid Sick Leave With Job Retention and Financial Burden Among Working Patients With Colorectal Cancer

Christine M. Veenstra, MD, MSHP; Scott E. Regenbogen, MD, MPH; Sarah T. Hawley, PhD, MPH; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2015;314(24):2688-2690. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.12383

This study uses data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to examine the association between access to paid sick leave and job retention and personal financial burden among patients with colorectal cancer.

Viewpoint

Making Physical Activity Counseling a Priority in Clinical Practice: The Time for Action Is Now

Kathy Berra, MSN, NP-BC; James Rippe, MD; JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(24):2617-2618. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.16244

This Viewpoint discusses the importance of including physical activity counseling in patient encounters and provides tools for efficiently integrating this activity into busy clinical settings.

The End of the One-Child Policy: Lasting Implications for China

Therese Hesketh, PhD, FFPH; Xudong Zhou, PhD; Yun Wang, MPhil

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(24):2619-2620. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.16279

This Viewpoint discusses aspects of the one-child policy in China and speculates on the future of the population with the newly announced two-child policy.

The Sustainable Development Goals: One-Health in the World’s Development Agenda

Lawrence O. Gostin, JD; Eric A. Friedman, JD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(24):2621-2622. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.16281

This Viewpoint discusses financial, political, and practical challenges to realizing the United Nations’ 2015 Sustainable Development Goals.

A Piece of My Mind

Responding to Suffering

Ronald M. Epstein, MD; Anthony L. Back, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(24):2623-2624. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.13004

Editorial

Prevention of Premature Menopause and Preservation of Fertility in Young Cancer Survivors: Hopeful Though Modest Long-term Results

Ann H. Partridge, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(24):2625-2627. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.17299

Repeated In Vitro Fertilization Cycles for Infertility

Evan R. Myers, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(24):2627-2629. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.17297

Use of Clinical Prediction Rules for Guiding Use of Computed Tomography in Adults With Head Trauma

Frederick P. Rivara, MD, MPH; Nathan Kuppermann, MD, MPH; Richard G. Ellenbogen, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(24):2629-2631. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.17298

The Rational Clinical Examination

Will Neuroimaging Reveal a Severe Intracranial Injury in This Adult With Minor Head Trauma?The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review

Joshua S. Easter, MD, MSc; Jason S. Haukoos, MD, MSc; William P. Meehan, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2015;314(24):2672-2681. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.16316

This Rational Clinical Examination systematic review summarizes the accuracy of symptoms and signs for revealing severe intracranial injury in adults with minor head trauma.

Audio Author Interview: Head Trauma
Audio: Neuroimaging for Minor Head Trauma

Editorial
Use of Clinical Prediction Rules for Guiding Use of Computed Tomography in Adults With Head Trauma
Frederick P. Rivara, MD, MPH; Nathan Kuppermann, MD, MPH; Richard G. Ellenbogen, MD

From the JAMA Network

Smartphone-Based Visual Acuity Measurement for Screening and Clinical Assessment

Christopher J. Brady, MD; Allen O. Eghrari, MD; Alain B. Labrique, PhD, MHS, MS

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(24):2682-2683. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.15855

This commentary discusses a study published in JAMA Ophthalmology that describes the accuracy of a smartphone-based visual acuity test for detecting visual impairment in rural Kenya.

JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis

Pharmacologic Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Vijaya L. Rao, MD; Adam S. Cifu, MD; Leslie W. Yang, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(24):2684-2685. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.16943

This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the American Gastroenterological Association’s 2014 guideline on pharmacologic management of irritable bowel syndrome.

Medical News & Perspectives

Collaboration and Conflict: Looking Back at the 30-Year History of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group

Rita Rubin, MA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(24):2604-2607. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.14848

This Medical News and Perspectives piece recounts the 30-year history of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, detailing the many challenges and obstacles along the road to developing an effective treatment against HIV.

News From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention