July 21, 2015, Vol 314, No. 3, Pages 203-310

In This Issue of JAMA

Highlights

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2015;314(3):203-205. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.11865

Audio Summary: Avian flu vaccine adjuvants, bystander intervention for cardiac arrest, atrial fibrillation treatment, and more.

Original Investigation

Effect of Varying Doses of a Monovalent H7N9 Influenza Vaccine With and Without AS03 and MF59 Adjuvants on Immune Response: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Lisa A. Jackson, MD, MPH; James D. Campbell, MD, MS; Sharon E. Frey, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2015;314(3):237-246. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.7916

This randomized trial compares the immunogenicity and safety of avian influenza A(H7N9) vaccines that differ by adjuvant type and dosing schedule.

Association of Bystander Interventions With Neurologically Intact Survival Among Patients With Bystander-Witnessed Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Japan

Shinji Nakahara, MD, PhD; Jun Tomio, MD, PhD; Masao Ichikawa, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2015;314(3):247-254. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.8068

This population epidemiology study uses data from a Japanese national registry to characterize trends in use of chest compression and defibrillation by bystanders and associated rates of neurologically intact survival among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Editorial
Bystander Interventions Can Improve Outcomes From Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Graham Nichol, MD, MPH, FRCP; Francis Kim, MD

Association of Bystander and First-Responder Intervention With Survival After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in North Carolina, 2010-2013

Carolina Malta Hansen, MD; Kristian Kragholm, MD; David A. Pearson, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2015;314(3):255-264. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.7938

This epidemiology study uses registry data to investigate the prevalence of bystander- and first responder–initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation in North Carolina and associations with survival after cardiac arrest.

Audio Interview: Cardiac Survival After Bystander and First-Responder CPR Intervention

Editorial
Bystander Interventions Can Improve Outcomes From Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Graham Nichol, MD, MPH, FRCP; Francis Kim, MD

Pioglitazone Use and Risk of Bladder Cancer and Other Common Cancers in Persons With Diabetes

James D. Lewis, MD, MSCE; Laurel A. Habel, PhD; Charles P. Quesenberry, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2015;314(3):265-277. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.7996

This pharmacoepidemiology study uses Kaiser Permanente diabetes registry data to investigate associations between prescriptions for pioglitazone and bladder, prostate, breast, and other cancers.

Editorial
The Safety of Prescription Drugs
Joshua M. Sharfstein, MD; Aaron S. Kesselheim, MD, JD, MPH
Evaluating Research on the Safety of Medical Therapies: The Responsibility of Journals to the Health of the Public
Phil B. Fontanarosa, MD, MBA; Howard Bauchner, MD; Robert M. Golub, MD

Research Letter

Change in International Normalized Ratio Among Patients Treated With Dicloxacillin and Vitamin K Antagonists

Anton Pottegård, MScPharm, PhD; Daniel P. Henriksen, MD, PhD; Kenneth G. Madsen, BScMed; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2015;314(3):296-297. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.6669

This study from Denmark used a clinical database to analyze drug interaction outcomes of patients treated with dicloxacillin and vitamin K antagonists.

Viewpoint

Scientific Discovery and the Future of Medicine

How the New Neuroscience Will Advance Medicine

Cornelia I. Bargmann, PhD

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2015;314(3):221-222. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.3298

This Viewpoint describes recent advances in neuroscience and genetics that will inform new approaches and treatments based on an understanding of the biological processes underlying brain disorders.

Author Reading: How the New Neuroscience Will Advance Medicine

Strategies to Improve Survival From Cardiac Arrest: A Report From the Institute of Medicine

Lance B. Becker, MD; Tom P. Aufderheide, MD; Robert Graham, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(3):223-224. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.8454

This Viewpoint introduces a newly released Institute of Medicine report describing many actions that stakeholders across the United States can take to improve outcomes from cardiac arrest.

Competition in the Age of Biosimilars

Amitabh Chandra, PhD; Jacqueline Vanderpuye-Orgle, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(3):225-226. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.6170

This Viewpoint discusses how the competition created by biosimilars is different from competition from generic drugs and proposes ways in which public policy might increase the competitive benefits of biosimilars.

The Americans With Disabilities Act and HIV/AIDS Discrimination: Unfinished Business

Jeffrey S. Crowley, MPH; Gregory R. Nevins, JD; Melanie Thompson, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(3):227-228. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.6637

This Viewpoint discusses the role the Americans with Disabilities Act could play in ensuring that persons with HIV/AIDS can access health care without stigma and discrimination.

A Piece of My Mind

Learning to Breathe

Elizabeth Levin, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(3):229-230. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.3448

Editorial

Bystander Interventions Can Improve Outcomes From Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Graham Nichol, MD, MPH, FRCP; Francis Kim, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(3):231-232. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.7519

The Safety of Prescription Drugs

Joshua M. Sharfstein, MD; Aaron S. Kesselheim, MD, JD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(3):233-234. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.7151

Editorial
Evaluating Research on the Safety of Medical Therapies: The Responsibility of Journals to the Health of the Public
Phil B. Fontanarosa, MD, MBA; Howard Bauchner, MD; Robert M. Golub, MD

Evaluating Research on the Safety of Medical Therapies: The Responsibility of Journals to the Health of the Public

Phil B. Fontanarosa, MD, MBA; Howard Bauchner, MD; Robert M. Golub, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(3):235-236. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.8232

Editorial
The Safety of Prescription Drugs
Joshua M. Sharfstein, MD; Aaron S. Kesselheim, MD, JD, MPH

Review

Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation

Eric N. Prystowsky, MD; Benzy J. Padanilam, MD; Richard I. Fogel, MD

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2015;314(3):278-288. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.7505

This review article reports that therapy for atrial fibrillation should include rate control for all patients, but maintenance of sinus rhythm with drugs or catheter ablation should be considered on an individual patient basis.

Audio: Managing Atrial Fibrillation

From the JAMA Network

Care Bundles and Prevention of Surgical Site Infection in Colorectal Surgery

Kamal M. F. Itani, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(3):289-290. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.4473

This From The JAMA Network article discusses a retrospective study published in JAMA Surgery reporting the effect of a preventive care bundle on surgical site infection rates and costs in colorectal surgery.

JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis

Management of Anticoagulation in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

Joshua D. Moss, MD; Adam S. Cifu, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(3):291-292. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.3088

This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis article summarizes the evidence for management of anticoagulation therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Medical News & Perspectives

Genomic Technologies Speed Pathogen Detection

Joan Stephenson, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(3):212-214. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.3140

This article discusses advances in genomic technologies that have improved the efficiency and tractibility of pathogen discovery, detection, and tracking clinical and public health settings.

News From the Food and Drug Administration