February 2, 2016, Vol 315, No. 5, Pages 435-528

In This Issue of JAMA

Highlights

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2016;315(5):435-437. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.14084

Audio Editors' Summary: Dupilumab for chronic sinusitis, effects of acetazolamide on COPD ventilation duration, seafood intake and dementia, and more.

Original Investigation

Effect of Subcutaneous Dupilumab on Nasal Polyp Burden in Patients With Chronic Sinusitis and Nasal Polyposis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Claus Bachert, MD, PhD; Leda Mannent, MD; Robert M. Naclerio, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2016;315(5):469-479. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.19330

This randomized trial compares the effects of adding dupilumab, an IL-4 and IL-13 signalling inhibitor, to mometasone furoate nasal spray vs mometasone alone in adults with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyposis refractory to intranasal corticosteroids.

Caring for the Critically Ill Patient

Effect of Acetazolamide vs Placebo on Duration of Invasive Mechanical Ventilation Among Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Christophe Faisy, MD, PhD; Ferhat Meziani, MD, PhD; Benjamin Planquette, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2016;315(5):480-488. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0019

This randomized controlled trial assesses whether acetazolamide reduces mechanical ventilation duration among critically ill patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and metabolic alkalosis.

Association of Seafood Consumption, Brain Mercury Level, and APOE ε4 Status With Brain Neuropathology in Older Adults

Martha Clare Morris, ScD; John Brockman, PhD; Julie A. Schneider, MD, MS; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2016;315(5):489-497. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.19451

This cohort study describes correlations and associations between premortem seafood intake, postmortem brain mercury levels, and postmortem Alzheimer disease neuropathology in older adults.

Audio Author Interview: Seafood Consumption, Mercury, and Brain Neuropathology in Older Adults

Editorial
Fish Consumption, Brain Mercury, and Neuropathology in Patients With Alzheimer Disease and Dementia
Edeltraut Kröger, PhD; Robert Laforce Jr, MD, PhD

Association Between Expiratory Central Airway Collapse and Respiratory Outcomes Among Smokers

Surya P. Bhatt, MD; Nina L. J. Terry, MD, JD; Hrudaya Nath, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2016;315(5):498-505. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.19431

This cohort study uses paired inspiratory-expiratory computed tomography images to determine the prevalence and clinical significance of expiratory central airway collapse among current and former smokers.

Research Letter

Prevalence and Cost of Office Visits Prior to Colonoscopy for Colon Cancer Screening

Kevin R. Riggs, MD, MPH; Jodi B. Segal, MD, MPH; Eun Ji Shin, MD, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2016;315(5):514-515. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.15278

This study uses employer-sponsored private insurance claims data to determine the proportion of colonoscopies for colon cancer screening and polyp surveillance that were preceded by office visits and the associated insurance payments for those visits between 2010 and 2013.

Viewpoint

Dietary Guidelines for Americans

Karen B. DeSalvo, MD, MPH, MSc; Richard Olson, MD, MPH; Kellie O. Casavale, PhD, RD

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2016;315(5):457-458. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.18396

This Viewpoint summarizes the updated recommendations of the US Department of Health and Human Services’ recently released 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

Audio: New Dietary Guidelines

Academic Health Systems’ Third Curve: Population Health Improvement

A. Eugene Washington, MD, MSc; Molly J. Coye, MD, MPH, MA; L. Ebony Boulware, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(5):459-460. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.18550

This Viewpoint discusses opportunities and challenges facing academic health systems as they move beyond providing individual-patient care and population-specific management to providing health improvement at the population level.

Role of the FDA in Affordability of Off-Patent Pharmaceuticals

Jeremy A. Greene, MD, PhD; Gerard Anderson, PhD; Joshua M. Sharfstein, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(5):461-462. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.18720

This Viewpoint maintains that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) should have a more active role in the approval and marketing of off-patent pharmaceutical products.

A Piece of My Mind

My Body, Your Crime: The Anatomy of a Medical Note

Muninder K. Dhaliwal

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(5):463-464. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.16760

Editorial

Fish Consumption, Brain Mercury, and Neuropathology in Patients With Alzheimer Disease and Dementia

Edeltraut Kröger, PhD; Robert Laforce Jr, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(5):465-466. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0005

This Editorial expresses the potential benefits of fatty fish consumption in helping protect older adults from developing Alzheimer disease and other forms of dementia.

Sharing Clinical Trial Data: A Proposal From the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors

Darren B. Taichman, MD, PhD; Joyce Backus, MSLS; Christopher Baethge, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2016;315(5):467-468. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.18164

From the JAMA Network

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Chronic Tinnitus

Jay F. Piccirillo, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(5):506-507. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0075

This commentary discusses a study published in JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery that evaluated transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of chronic tinnitus.

JAMA Clinical Challenge

Well-Demarcated, Scaly Plaques

Emily C. Milam, BA; Shane A. Meehan, MD; Sarika Ramachandran, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(5):508-509. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.16068

A 46-year-old woman presented with well-demarcated erythematous scaly plaques, with central clearing, on her chest, back, flanks, and groin. She reported that the eruption worsens with warmer weather but reported no other pain or rash. What would you do next?

From The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics

Drugs Past Their Expiration Date

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(5):510-511. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0048

This Medical Letter review summarizes what is known about the safety of use of drugs past their expiration date in the United States.

Medical News & Perspectives

US Infant Mortality Rate Declines but Still Exceeds Other Developed Countries

Julie A. Jacob, MA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(5):451-452. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.18886

This Medical News & Perspectives article explores reasons for the decrease in the infant mortality rate in the United States, as well as reasons why it is still higher than that of other industrialized countries.

News From the Food and Drug Administration