February 9, 2016, Vol 315, No. 6, Pages 531-626

In This Issue of JAMA

Highlights

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2016;315(6):531-533. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.14097

Audio Editors' Summary: Reducing inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in primary care, stroke rehabilitation, review of community-acquired pneumonia treatment, and more.

Original Investigation

Effect of Behavioral Interventions on Inappropriate Antibiotic Prescribing Among Primary Care Practices: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Daniella Meeker, PhD; Jeffrey A. Linder, MD, MPH; Craig R. Fox, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2016;315(6):562-570. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0275

This cluster randomized clinical trial compares the effects of behavioral interventions on rates of inappropriate (not guideline-concordant) antibiotic prescribing during ambulatory visits for acute respiratory tract infections.

Editorial
Improving Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing: Another Nudge in the Right Direction
Jeffrey S. Gerber, MD, PhD

JAMA

Effect of a Task-Oriented Rehabilitation Program on Upper Extremity Recovery Following Motor Stroke: The ICARE Randomized Clinical Trial

Carolee J. Winstein, PhD; Steven L. Wolf, PhD; Alexander W. Dromerick, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2016;315(6):571-581. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0276

This randomized trial assesses the efficacy of a structured, task-oriented motor training program vs usual and customary occupational therapy for patients with stroke with upper extremity motor deficits.

Association of Admission to Veterans Affairs Hospitals vs Non–Veterans Affairs Hospitals With Mortality and Readmission Rates Among Older Men Hospitalized With Acute Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure, or Pneumonia

Sudhakar V. Nuti, BA; Li Qin, PhD; John S. Rumsfeld, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2016;315(6):582-592. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0278

This cross-sectional study compares mortality and readmission rates for acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and pnemonia among older men treated at VA and non-VA hospitals in urban metropolitan statistical areas.

Editorial
Learning From the Past to Improve VA Health Care
Ashish K. Jha, MD, MPH

JAMA

Research Letter

Major Causes of Injury Death and the Life Expectancy Gap Between the United States and Other High-Income Countries

Andrew Fenelon, PhD; Li-Hui Chen, PhD; Susan P. Baker, MPH

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2016;315(6):609-611. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.15564

This population epidemiology study uses US National Vital Statistics System and WHO Mortality Database data to estimate differences in life expectancy between the United States and other high-income countries attributable to injury.

Viewpoint

Innovations in Health Care Delivery

Machine Learning and the Profession of Medicine

Alison M. Darcy, PhD; Alan K. Louie, MD; Laura Weiss Roberts, MD, MA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(6):551-552. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.18421

This Viewpoint discusses the opportunities and ethical implications of using machine learning technologies, which can rapidly collect and learn from large amounts of personal data, to provide individalized patient care.

Policy Solutions for Better Hearing

Christine Cassel, MD; Ed Penhoet, PhD; Robert Saunders, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(6):553-554. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0044

This Viewpoint explains reasons that increased access to hearing aid technology is needed and proposes policy changes that would make such changes possible.

Integrating Cadaver Exome Sequencing Into a First-Year Medical Student Curriculum

Glenn S. Gerhard, MD; Barbara Paynton, PhD; Steven N. Popoff, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(6):555-556. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.19465

This Viewpoint discusses the values of teaching genetics in the first year of medical school.

A Piece of My Mind

Can I Eat Yet?

Armen Yerevanian, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(6):557. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.18605

Editorial

Improving Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing: Another Nudge in the Right Direction

Jeffrey S. Gerber, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(6):558-559. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0430

Learning From the Past to Improve VA Health Care

Ashish K. Jha, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(6):560-561. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0243

Review

Antibiotic Therapy for Adults Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review

Jonathan S. Lee, MD; Daniel L. Giesler, MD, PharmD; Walid F. Gellad, MD, MPH; et al.

Abstract Full Text

has audio

JAMA. 2016;315(6):593-602. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0115

This systematic review characterizes associations between 3 aspects of antibiotic therapy (optimal time to antibiotic initiation, initial antibiotic selection, and criteria for the transition from intravenous to oral therapy) and short-term mortality in adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia.

Audio: Antibiotic Therapy for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults

From the JAMA Network

Changing the “Working While Sick” Culture: Promoting Fitness for Duty in Health Care

Audrey L. Tanksley, MD; Rachel K. Wolfson, MD; Vineet M. Arora, MD, MAPP

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(6):603-604. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0094

This commentary discusses a mixed-methods analysis published in JAMA Pediatrics that investigated why attending physicians and advanced practice clinicians work while sick.

JAMA Diagnostic Test Interpretation

HbA_1c in the Evaluation of Diabetes Mellitus

Derek T. O’Keeffe, MB, BCh, BAO, PhD; Spyridoula Maraka, MD; Robert A. Rizza, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(6):605-606. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.16561

A 76-year-old man recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and a history of hypertension requested assistance with managing his type 2 diabetes. His fingerstick blood glucose diary showed consistent recordings of greater than 350 mg/dL and his hemoglobin level was 13.3 g/dL. How do you interpret these test results?

Medical News & Perspectives

Ethical and Societal Questions Loom Large as Gene Editing Moves Closer to the Clinic

Tracy Hampton, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(6):546-548. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.19150

This Medical News & Perspectives article discusses advances in gene editing and the ethical and societal considerations raised by clinical application of these technologies.

News From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention