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November 2023 - July 1883

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August 8, 2017, Vol 318, No. 6, Pages 493-584

In This Issue of JAMA

Highlights

Abstract Full Text
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JAMA. 2017;318(6):493-495. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.13256
Original Investigation

Effects of Improvisational Music Therapy vs Enhanced Standard Care on Symptom Severity Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: The TIME-A Randomized Clinical Trial

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JAMA. 2017;318(6):525-535. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.9478

This randomized trial evaluated the effects of improvisational music therapy vs enhanced standard care on generalized social communication skills of children with autism spectrum disorder.

Effect of Cerebral Embolic Protection Devices on CNS Infarction in Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement: A Randomized Clinical Trial

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JAMA. 2017;318(6):536-547. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.9479

This randomized clinical trial compares the efficacy and adverse effects of 2 cerebral embolic protection devices vs a shared control group in reducing ischemic central nervous system injury during surgical aortic valve replacement.

Effect of Levosimendan on Low Cardiac Output Syndrome in Patients With Low Ejection Fraction Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting With Cardiopulmonary Bypass: The LICORN Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract Full Text
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JAMA. 2017;318(6):548-556. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.9973

This randomized clinical trial compares the effect of preoperative levosimendan vs placebo on the incidence of postoperative low cardiac output syndrome in patients with low ventricular ejection fraction who were undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass.

Effect of Azithromycin on Airflow Decline–Free Survival After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: The ALLOZITHRO Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract Full Text
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JAMA. 2017;318(6):557-566. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.9938

This clinical trial, which was stopped early, seeks to evaluate whether the early administration of azithromycin would improve airflow decline–free survival among patients who had undergone an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant.

Research Letter

Colorectal Cancer Mortality Rates in Adults Aged 20 to 54 Years in the United States, 1970-2014

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JAMA. 2017;318(6):572-574. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.7630

This study uses National Center for Health Statistics data to analyze colorectal cancer mortality rates among US adults aged 20 to 54 years by race from 1970 through 2014.

Viewpoint

Can Patients Make Recordings of Medical Encounters?What Does the Law Say?

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2017;318(6):513-514. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.7511

This Viewpoint discusses legal statutes in US states that guide patients’ audio or video recording of medical encounters, and argues for clear policies to facilitate use of recording technology by patients for their benefit.

Challenges in International Comparison of Health Care Systems

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2017;318(6):515-516. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.9392

This Viewpoint discusses the challenges in cross-national comparisons of health care system performance, including defining the responsibilities of the health system, managing limitations of data, and accounting for different values in different nations.

Unintended Consequences of Machine Learning in Medicine

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2017;318(6):517-518. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.7797

This Viewpoint discusses the potential ramifications from using machine learning–based decision support systems when making diagnosis and treatment decisions in clinical practice.

Health and Spirituality

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2017;318(6):519-520. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.8136

This Viewpoint argues that patients’ spiritual and religious views should be part of the discussion when making treatment decisions.

A Piece of My Mind

Prisoner of My Preconceptions

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2017;318(6):521-522. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.5177
Editorial

Music Therapy for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2017;318(6):523-524. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.9477
JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis

Routine Preoperative Laboratory Tests for Elective Surgery

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2017;318(6):567-568. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.7508

This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the 2016 National Clinical Guideline Centre’s guideline on routine preoperative tests for elective surgery.

JAMA Clinical Challenge

A Woman With Purple Macules on the Legs

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2017;318(6):569-570. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.9227

A 30-year-old woman had widespread, erythematous, purpuric macules and papules on the abdomen and extremities. A skin punch biopsy showed extravasated erythrocytes, a neutrophilic infiltrate, fibrinoid necrosis, and broken-down neutrophils releasing nuclear debris. What would you do next?

Medical News & Perspectives

In Treating Sepsis, Questions About Timing and Mandates

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2017;318(6):506-508. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.7997

This Medical News article discusses ongoing uncertainties around sepsis management.

The JAMA Forum

Rising Medical Costs Mean More Rough Times Ahead

Abstract Full Text
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JAMA. 2017;318(6):508-509. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.8931
News From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Newborn Infection Linked With Placenta Consumption

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2017;318(6):511. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.9720

Walking Study: Women Outpace Men

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2017;318(6):511. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.9722
Biotech Innovations

Wearable Digital Thermometer Improves Fever Detection

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2017;318(6):510. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.10248

FDA Fast Tracks Nonopioid Pain Medication

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2017;318(6):510. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.10250

Flu Vaccine Patch in Development

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2017;318(6):510. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.9886
The Arts and Medicine

The Beautiful Brain and the Influence of Santiago Ramón y Cajal on Medicine

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2017;318(6):502-504. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.9858

This Arts and Medicine essay explores an exhibit featuring drawings of brain cells by Santiago Ramón y Cajal, a 19th-century Spanish neurohistologist.

Poetry and Medicine

A Matter of Taste

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2017;318(6):578. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.1591
JAMA Revisited

Medical Writing

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2017;318(6):579. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.8600
JAMA Patient Page

Sudden Vision Loss

Abstract Full Text
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JAMA. 2017;318(6):584. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.7950
Comment & Response

Survival After Laparoscopic vs Abdominal Hysterectomy

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2017;318(6):574. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.8161

Survival After Laparoscopic vs Abdominal Hysterectomy—Reply

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2017;318(6):574-575. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.8165

Improvised vs Commercial Tourniquets

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2017;318(6):575. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.8589

Improvised vs Commercial Tourniquets—Reply

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2017;318(6):575-576. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.8593

Organ Donation After Euthanasia

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2017;318(6):576. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.8613

Organ Donation After Euthanasia—Reply

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2017;318(6):576-577. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.8617
JAMA Masthead

JAMA

Abstract Full Text
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JAMA. 2017;318(6):575-576. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.13257
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