April 3, 2018, Vol 319, No. 13, Pages 1293-1405

In This Issue of JAMA

Highlights

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(13):1293-1295. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.12306

Audio Editors' Summary: Wealth Shock and Mortality, Atorvastatin for PCI, BP Targets in Diabetes, Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome, and more

Original Investigation

Effect of Loading Dose of Atorvastatin Prior to Planned Percutaneous Coronary Intervention on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Acute Coronary Syndrome: The SECURE-PCI Randomized Clinical Trial

Otavio Berwanger, MD, PhD; Eliana Vieira Santucci, RT; Pedro Gabriel Melo de Barros e Silva, MD, MHS, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(13):1331-1340. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.2444

This randomized trial compares the effects of a periprocedural loading dose of atorvastatin vs placebo on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at 30 days in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and planned percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Editorial
Lipid Lowering in Acute Coronary Syndrome: Is Treatment Early Enough?
Stephen J. Nicholls, MBBS, PhD; Peter J. Psaltis, MBBS, PhD

Association of a Negative Wealth Shock With All-Cause Mortality in Middle-aged and Older Adults in the United States

Lindsay R. Pool, PhD; Sarah A. Burgard, PhD; Belinda L. Needham, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(13):1341-1350. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.2055

This study investigated mortality of participants in the Heart and Retirement Study who experienced negative wealth shock from 1994 through 2014.

Editorial
From Misfortune to Mortality: Sudden Loss of Wealth and Increased Risk of Death
Alan M. Garber, MD, PhD

Association of Solid Fuel Use With Risk of Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality in Rural China

Kuai Yu, MD; Gaokun Qiu, MD, PhD; Ka-Hung Chan, MSc; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(13):1351-1361. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.2151

This cohort study conducted in 5 rural areas across China examines associations between solid fuel use for cooking and heating and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.

Research Letter

Mortality From Falls in Dutch Adults 80 Years and Older, 2000-2016

Klaas A. Hartholt, MD, PhD; Ed F. van Beeck, MD, PhD; Tischa J. M. van der Cammen, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(13):1380-1382. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.1444

This study uses national statistics to characterize trends in mortality from falls in persons aged 80 years and older between 2000 and 2016 in the Netherlands.

Viewpoint

Institutional Research Misconduct Reports Need More Credibility

C. K. Gunsalus, JD; Adam R. Marcus, MA; Ivan Oransky, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(13):1315-1316. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.0358

This Viewpoint highlights the inadequacy and lack of transparency of most research institutions’ responses to allegations of research misconduct, and describes development of a proposed checklist to establish definitions and standards for complete research integrity investigations.

Big Data and Machine Learning in Health Care

Andrew L. Beam, PhD; Isaac S. Kohane, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(13):1317-1318. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.18391

This Viewpoint discusses how newer technologies such as machine learning and the compilation of “big data” can be used for research and clinical applications.

Individualizing Blood Pressure Targets for People With Diabetes and Hypertension: Comparing the ADA and the ACC/AHA Recommendations

Ian H. de Boer, MD, MS; George Bakris, MD; Christopher P. Cannon, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(13):1319-1320. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.0642

This Viewpoint compares and contrasts recommendations from the 2017 ADA and ACC/AHA guidelines for management of high blood pressure and argues for individualization of patient goals and blood pressure targets.

Can Small Physician Practices Survive?Sharing Services as a Path to Viability

Dhruv Khullar, MD, MPP; Gregory C. Burke, MPA; Lawrence P. Casalino, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(13):1321-1322. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.21704

This Viewpoint discusses the use of shared service arrangements as a means for small physician practices to pool and manage resources, stay competitive for value-based contracts, and remain viable in the face of market forces favoring consolidation.

A Piece of My Mind

Sharing Connections

Leonie Heyworth, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(13):1323-1324. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.2717

In this essay, the author uses her experience helping vulnerable patients in Houston, Texas, following Hurricane Harvey in 2017, via a computer screen in San Diego, to argue for the importance of telemedicine as a way to scale up care to manage the acute needs of patients and populations caught in natural disasters.

Editorial

Lipid Lowering in Acute Coronary Syndrome: Is Treatment Early Enough?

Stephen J. Nicholls, MBBS, PhD; Peter J. Psaltis, MBBS, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(13):1325-1326. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.2426

From Misfortune to Mortality: Sudden Loss of Wealth and Increased Risk of Death

Alan M. Garber, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(13):1327-1328. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.3418

To JAMA Authors, Reviewers, and Readers—Thank You

Howard Bauchner, MD; Phil B. Fontanarosa, MD, MBA; Robert M. Golub, MD

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(13):1329-1330. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.3775

Review

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment

Elisha M. Wachman, MD; Davida M. Schiff, MD, MSc; Michael Silverstein, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(13):1362-1374. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.2640

This narrative review summarizes advances in diagnosis and in pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic management of neonatal abstinence syndrome.

JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis

Evaluation and Treatment of Male Hypogonadism

Robert M. Sargis, MD, PhD; Andrew M. Davis, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(13):1375-1376. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.3182

This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the 2018 Endocrine Society guideline on testosterone therapy in men with testosterone deficiency and hypogonadism..

JAMA Diagnostic Test Interpretation

Evaluation of the Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT) in the Setting of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection

Brady Stein, MD, MHS; Nicole DeCredico, MD; Luke Hillman, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(13):1377-1378. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.1969

A young adult with community-acquired Mycoplasma pneumonia was found to have new-onset anemia, thrombocytosis, positive direct antiglobulin testing for anti-C3, and red blood cell agglutination at 4°C and at room temperature. How would you interpret these results?

Medical News & Perspectives

Chronic Disease Approaches Needed to Curb Gout’s Growing Burden

Bridget M. Kuehn, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(13):1307-1309. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.0547

This Medical News story discusses clinical approaches in the treatment of gout.

Experimental Device Could Offer Hope for Millions With Tinnitus

Rebecca Voelker, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(13):1309-1310. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.1047

In this Medical News story, researchers discuss an experimental device that uses a novel approach to relieve symptoms of somatic tinnitus.

News From the Food and Drug Administration

Reducing Lung Cancer Progression With Immunotherapy

Rebecca Voelker, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(13):1314. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.2928

New Stent for Small Vessels

Rebecca Voelker, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(13):1314. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.2942

Another Caution for Clarithromycin

Rebecca Voelker, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(13):1314. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.2945

The JAMA Forum

Income, Poverty, and Health Inequality

Dave A. Chokshi, MD, MSc

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(13):1312-1313. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.2521

Bench to Bedside

Platelets’ Role in Adaptive Immunity May Contribute to Sepsis and Shock

Tracy Hampton, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(13):1311-1312. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.12859

The Arts and Medicine

Artistic Renaissance in Frontotemporal Dementia

Michael G. Erkkinen, MD; Raquel Gutiérrez Zúñiga, MD; Cristóbal Carnero Pardo, MD, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(13):1304-1306. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.19501

This Arts and Medicine essay uses case descriptions of 2 patients who experienced a sudden increase in artistic creativity with the onset of frontotemporal dementia to discuss the mechanism of paradoxical functional facilitation, in which loss of activity in one part of the brain leads to release of activity in another.

Poetry and Medicine