August 25, 2020, Vol 324, No. 8, Pages 725-816

In This Issue of JAMA

Audio Highlights

Abstract Full Text

free access online only has audio

JAMA. 2020;324(8):e200034. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.0034

Audio Editors' Summary: Vitamin D and Child Asthma, Genotype-Guided Antiplatelet Therapy, Diagnosing Alzheimer Disease, and more

Original Investigation

Effect of Vitamin D₃ Supplementation on Severe Asthma Exacerbations in Children With Asthma and Low Vitamin D Levels: The VDKA Randomized Clinical Trial

Erick Forno, MD, MPH; Leonard B. Bacharier, MD; Wanda Phipatanakul, MD, MS; et al.

Abstract Full Text

free access has active quiz

JAMA. 2020;324(8):752-760. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.12384

This randomized trial compares the effects of vitamin D₃vs placebo on time to severe exacerbation in children with asthma and low vitamin D levels.

Effect of Genotype-Guided Oral P2Y12 Inhibitor Selection vs Conventional Clopidogrel Therapy on Ischemic Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: The TAILOR-PCI Randomized Clinical Trial

Naveen L. Pereira, MD; Michael E. Farkouh, MD, MSc; Derek So, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

free access has active quiz

JAMA. 2020;324(8):761-771. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.12443

This open-label randomized trial compares the effect of a genotype-guided oral P2Y12 inhibitor selection strategy vs conventional clopidogrel prescribing on 12-month ischemic outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in CYP2C19*2/CYP2C19*3 loss-of-function allele carriers with acute coronary syndromes and stable cardiovascular disease.

Editorial
CYP2C19 Genotyping to Guide Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Interventions: One Size Rarely Fits All
David J. Moliterno, MD; Susan S. Smyth, MD, PhD; Ahmed Abdel-Latif, MD, PhD

Discriminative Accuracy of Plasma Phospho-tau217 for Alzheimer Disease vs Other Neurodegenerative Disorders

Sebastian Palmqvist, MD, PhD; Shorena Janelidze, PhD; Yakeel T. Quiroz, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

free access has active quiz

JAMA. 2020;324(8):772-781. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.12134

This cross-sectional study compares the accuracy of plasma tau phosphorylated at threonine 217 (P-tau217) levels vs other plasma-, MRI-, CSF-, and PET-based markers for distinguishing Alzheimer from other neurodegenerative diseases in 3 cohorts in Arizona, Sweden, and Columbia with or at risk for dementia.

Research Letter

Thrombosis in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in a New York City Health System

Seda Bilaloglu, MS; Yin Aphinyanaphongs, MD, PhD; Simon Jones, PhD, MSc; et al.

Abstract Full Text

free access has active quiz

JAMA. 2020;324(8):799-801. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.13372

This study examines the incidence of and risk factors for venous and arterial thrombosis in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in 4 New York City hospitals.

Ketoacidosis in Children and Adolescents With Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany

Clemens Kamrath, MD; Kirsten Mönkemöller, MD; Torben Biester, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

free access has active quiz

JAMA. 2020;324(8):801-804. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.13445

This study uses diabetes registry data to compare the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children and adolescents at time of type 1 diabetes diagnosis in Germany during the first 2 months of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic vs the same time period in 2018 and 2019.

Therapies Offered at Residential Addiction Treatment Programs in the United States

Tamara Beetham, MPH; Brendan Saloner, PhD; Marema Gaye, BS; et al.

Abstract Full Text

free access

JAMA. 2020;324(8):804-806. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.8969

This study uses simulated patient calls to a random sample of US residential addiction treatment facilities to investigate the availability of opioid agonist treatment (buprenorphine-naloxone) and nonpharmacologic therapies (eg, CBT) for opioid use disorder, and differences by for-profit vs nonprofit center status.

Viewpoint

Precision Nutrition—the Answer to “What to Eat to Stay Healthy”

Griffin P. Rodgers, MD; Francis S. Collins, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2020;324(8):735-736. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.13601

In this Viewpoint directors of the NIH and NIDDK summarize the agency’s 2020-2030 Strategic Plan for NIH Nutrition Research, a roadmap to establish a science of nutrition as a means to prevent and treat illness and to develop actionable, evidence-based dietary recommendations across cultures and settings.

Black Kidney Function Matters: Use or Misuse of Race?

Neil R. Powe, MD, MPH, MBA

Abstract Full Text

has audio

JAMA. 2020;324(8):737-738. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.13378

This Viewpoint discusses the practice of using patient race as a variable in algorithms to determine kidney function and suggests that estimating tools be developed that are equally precise but exclude race as a factor.

Conversations with Dr Bauchner: Black Kidney Function Matters: Use or Misuse of Race?

Editorial
Removal of Race From Estimates of Kidney Function: First, Do No Harm
Keith C. Norris, MD; Nwamaka D. Eneanya, MD, MPH; L. Ebony Boulware, MD, MPH

Recovery From Severe COVID-19: Leveraging the Lessons of Survival From Sepsis

Hallie C. Prescott, MD, MSc; Timothy D. Girard, MD, MSCI

Abstract Full Text

free access has active quiz

JAMA. 2020;324(8):739-740. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.14103

This Viewpoint discusses the possibility that survivors of severe COVID-19 will experience persistent symptoms similar to those of post-sepsis syndrome and reviews best practices for promoting recovery from intensive care illness, including referral to physical and occupational therapy, medication optimization, and structured exercise.

Attacks on Public Health Officials During COVID-19

Michelle M. Mello, JD, PhD; Jeremy A. Greene, MD, PhD; Joshua M. Sharfstein, MD

Abstract Full Text

free access has active quiz

JAMA. 2020;324(8):741-742. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.14423

This Viewpoint discusses ongoing harassment and threats against US public health officials who propose or take steps to protect communities from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and it proposes possible responses, including a call to elected leaders to implement protection of the officials from illegal harassment, assault, and violence.

COVID-19 in Canada: Experience and Response

Allan S. Detsky, MD, PhD; Isaac I. Bogoch, MD

Abstract Full Text

free access has active quiz

JAMA. 2020;324(8):743-744. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.14033

This Viewpoint summarizes federal, provincial, and regional responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada and explores reasons for differences in pandemic outcomes in Canada and the US.

A Piece of My Mind

Growing Pains

Maïté Van Hentenryck, BS, MS

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2020;324(8):745-746. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.13442

In this narrative medicine essay, a medical student describes her experience growing up with a leg prosthesis and requiring orthopedic procedures to maintain her limb growth and describes reactions to her disability from uncomprehending peers and mentors in her medical training.

Editorial

CYP2C19 Genotyping to Guide Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Interventions: One Size Rarely Fits All

David J. Moliterno, MD; Susan S. Smyth, MD, PhD; Ahmed Abdel-Latif, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2020;324(8):747-749. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.13094

Serosurveillance and the COVID-19 Epidemic in the US: Undetected, Uncertain, and Out of Control

Tyler S. Brown, MD; Rochelle P. Walensky, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

free access has active quiz

JAMA. 2020;324(8):749-751. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.14017

Review

Pathophysiology, Transmission, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review

W. Joost Wiersinga, MD, PhD; Andrew Rhodes, MD, PhD; Allen C. Cheng, MD, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

free access has active quiz has multimedia has audio

JAMA. 2020;324(8):782-793. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.12839

This narrative review discusses what is currently known about the pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, management, prognosis, and prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Conversations with Dr Bauchner: Coronavirus Update With Eric Topol, MD
Audio Clinical Review: Why Are We Still Talking About Hydroxychloroquine as a Treatment for COVID-19?
Audio Clinical Review: Gyms, Restaurants, Mass Transit, and Community COVID-19 Exposures

JAMA Insights

Current Perspective on Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Usha Chakravarthy, MD, PhD; Tunde Peto, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2020;324(8):794-795. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.5576

This JAMA Insights Clinical Update reviews the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, classification, diagnosis, prevention, and approved and investigational treatment of age-related macular degeneration in older adults.

JAMA Diagnostic Test Interpretation

Postexercise Ankle-Brachial Index Testing

Anurag Mehta, MD; Laurence S. Sperling, MD; Bryan J. Wells, MD

Abstract Full Text

has active quiz

JAMA. 2020;324(8):796-797. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.10164

A 61-year-old woman with a history of hypertension presented for evaluation of exertional left calf discomfort. Her lower extremity systolic blood pressure and ankle-brachial index (ABI) measures declined after treadmill testing. What would you do next?

Medical News & Perspectives

From Auto Mechanic to Emergency Medicine Resident: Inspiring Young Blacks to Become Physicians

Rita Rubin, MA

Abstract Full Text

has audio

JAMA. 2020;324(8):727-729. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.14306

This Medical News article discusses the circuitous path Carl Allamby, MD, traveled from auto repair shop owner to emergency medicine resident.

JAMA Medical News Audio: Carl Allamby, MD, Shifts Gears from Repairing Cars to Graduating Medical School at Age 47
JAMA Medical News Audio: August 2020 Medical News Summary

JAMA Live Highlights

Experts Discuss COVID-19—Remdesivir, Vaccines, and More

Abstract Full Text

free access has active quiz has audio

JAMA. 2020;324(8):730-731. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.15067

This JAMA Live Highlights feature provides comments about the coronavirus 2019 pandemic from experts in clinical medicine, public health, and health policy expressed during livestream interviews with JAMA Network Editor in Chief Howard Bauchner, MD.

Conversations with Dr Bauchner: The Next COVID-19 Phase
Conversations with Dr Bauchner: Coronavirus in Brazil: Report From the Front Lines
Conversations with Dr Bauchner: Coronavirus Update – July 2020
Conversations with Dr Bauchner: Coronavirus in Houston — Report From the Front Lines
Conversations with Dr Bauchner: Coronavirus Update With CDC Director Robert R. Redfield, MD

Editorial
Reassuring the Public and Clinical Community About the Scientific Review and Approval of a COVID-19 Vaccine
Howard Bauchner, MD; Preeti N. Malani, MD, MSJ; Joshua Sharfstein, MD
- Conversations with Dr Bauchner: COVID-19 Vaccine Approval and the FDA
- Conversations with Dr Bauchner: Coronavirus Update With Michael T. Osterholm, PhD, MPH
- Conversations with Dr Bauchner: Coronavirus Q&A With Anthony Fauci, MD – September 25, 2020
- Conversations with Dr Bauchner: Coronavirus Update With Anthony Fauci - October 28, 2020
- Conversations with Dr Bauchner: Coronavirus Vaccine Update With Anthony Fauci

News From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Football-Related Head Injuries Decline Among Children and Teens

Bridget M. Kuehn, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2020;324(8):734. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.14163

Lung Diseases Affecting US Workers Cost Billions Annually

Bridget M. Kuehn, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2020;324(8):734. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.14764

Clinical Trials Update

Elagolix Reduces Fibroid-Related Heavy Menstrual Bleeding Long-term

Anita Slomski, MA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2020;324(8):733. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.13960

Aspirin Fails to Prevent Depression in Older Adults

Anita Slomski, MA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2020;324(8):733. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.14802

Shorter Resident Shifts May Not Improve Patient Safety

Anita Slomski, MA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2020;324(8):733. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.14803

Mailings, Phone Calls Increase Post-MI Cardiac Rehabilitation

Anita Slomski, MA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2020;324(8):733. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.14805

Aspirin Protects Against Colorectal Cancer in Lynch Syndrome

Anita Slomski, MA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2020;324(8):733. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.14804

Health Agencies Update

Household Composition May Explain COVID-19 Racial/Ethnic Disparities

Rita Rubin, MA

Abstract Full Text

free access

JAMA. 2020;324(8):732. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.14375

Difficult to Determine Herd Immunity Threshold for COVID-19

Rita Rubin, MA

Abstract Full Text

free access has audio

JAMA. 2020;324(8):732. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.14778

Audio Clinical Review: Sweden and COVID-19
Audio Clinical Review: Can We Count on Herd Immunity to Control COVID-19?

Streetlights May Keep Teens Up at Night, Affecting Mental Health

Rita Rubin, MA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2020;324(8):732. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.14785

Poetry and Medicine

A Song Sung Sweet to Greet the Dead

Glenn Colquhoun, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2020;324(8):810. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.6795

JAMA Revisited

Renaudot and the First French Newspaper and Medical Journal

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2020;324(8):811. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.13587

JAMA Patient Page

What Is LASIK Eye Surgery?

Malcolm M. Kates, BS, BA; Sonal Tuli, MD

Abstract Full Text

free access

JAMA. 2020;324(8):815. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1286

This JAMA Patient Page describes LASIK, a type of laser surgery that corrects blurry vision usually treated with eyeglasses, and summarizes who can benefit and the procedure’s risks.