Percutaneous treatment of valvular heart disease is a modern miracle. A decade ago, it was inconceivable to all but a few visionary inventors that a catheter–based approach could be used to replace a cardiac valve, thus eliminating the need for a thoracotomy with all of its associated costs, inconvenience, and potential for major adverse outcomes. But following approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and payer reimbursement for the procedure, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is now widely used in clinical practice in the United States and worldwide.