Key PointsQuestion
What is the burden of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) in patients with basal cell nevus syndrome, and what factors correlate with higher BCC tumor burden?
Findings
In a clinical registry of 141 patients with basal cell nevus syndrome, participants reported a mean of 257 BCCs over their lifetime. Age and lifetime number of sunburns were significantly associated with higher number of BCCs.
Meaning
Patients with basal cell nevus syndrome have a high burden of BCCs. This clinical registry has identified potential risk factors for BCCs and sets the basis for development of future clinical trials.
Importance
Patients with basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS) have a greater risk of developing numerous basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). Risk factors influencing the wide variation in tumor burden are poorly understood.
Objective
To describe the burden of BCCs in patients with BCNS in the United States and identify potential risk factors for BCCs.
Design, Setting, and Participants
Prospective clinical registry with data collected from September 2014 to March 2016. Participants were recruited from a mailing list of patients with BCNS at Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute and Basal Cell Carcinoma Nevus Syndrome Life Support Network. Patients of all ages with a diagnosis of BCNS were eligible for enrollment. Participants completed a clinical questionnaire on their disease characteristics and risk factors.
Main Outcomes and Measures
Number of BCCs in the past 2 years and over lifetime (disease burden), risk factors for BCCs.
Results
A consecutive sample of the first 141 participants was included (34% [100 of 297] response rate from paper survey, 23% [41 of 179] from online survey; 85 [60%] female; mean age at start of study, 53 [range, 8-83] years; 131 [93%] white). In the previous 2 years, participants reported a mean of 25 BCCs (median, 11; range, 0-250). Over their lifetime, participants reported a mean of 257 BCCs (median, 160; range, 0-2200). Univariate analysis identified age (odds ratio [OR], 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03-1.07; P < .001), number of sunburns (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.00-1.10; P = .047), and history of radiation exposure (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.02-5.03; P = .046) as potential risk factors for lifetime BCC severity. On multivariate analysis, only age (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.07; P < .001) and number of sunburns (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.00-1.11; P = .04) were statistically significant. In our adjusted models, BCC burden increased by 4% per year of age and by 6% per number of sunburns.
Conclusions and Relevance
Patients with BCNS have a high burden of BCCs. Age and number of sunburns were significantly associated with the severity of lifetime BCC. Further interventions to prevent and treat BCCs in patients with BCNS are needed.