Key PointsQuestion
Does the use of topical brimonidine, 0.33%, gel as a hemostatic agent pose a risk for central nervous system (CNS) depression?
Findings
We describe 2 patients who presented to dermatology practice for dermatologic procedures complicated by persistent bleeding. Both patients experienced altered mental status and respiratory depression after the application of brimonidine, 0.33%, gel.
Meaning
Topical brimonidine, 0.33%, gel may cause CNS depression when used as a hemostatic agent. Safe criteria for the use of brimonidine as hemostatic agents are unknown. We therefore discourage the use of topical brimonidine for hemostasis until its safety is further studied.
Importance
Minor bleeding is the most common complication of dermatologic surgery. Topical brimonidine, 0.33%, gel has been reported for the use of hemostasis in dermatologic surgery. The safety profile and risk of systemic toxic effects when brimonidine is used topically for hemostasis is unknown.
Objective
To determine the risk of systemic toxic effects of topical brimonidine, 0.33%, gel when used for hemostasis.
Design, Setting, and Participants
In this case series from a private practice (Hollywood Dermatology), 2 patients presented for dermatologic procedures, complicated by persistent bleeding.
Interventions
Patients were treated with 10 g of brimonidine, 0.33%, gel applied under occlusion for hemostasis.
Main Outcomes and Measures
Mental status, cardiopulmonary function.
Results
Both patients experienced deterioration of mental status, respiratory depression, and somnolence. Results from cardiac testing, laboratory workup, and imaging were negative for cardiac or neurologic etiology. Both patients improved in less than 24 hours.
Conclusions and Relevance
Topical brimonidine, 0.33%, gel can result in systemic central nervous system toxic effects when used as a hemostatic agent. At present, it is not possible to define a quantity with which brimonidine can be used safely, nor can a safe wound size be defined. We, therefore, urge against the use of topical brimonidine as a hemostatic agent until its safety is further investigated.