PSEUDOXANTHOMA ELASTICUM WITH ANGIOID STREAKS: THE SYNDROME OF GROENBLAD AND STRANDBERG

Although pseudoxanthoma elasticum with angioid streaks was first described as a syndrome by Groenblad and Strandberg,¹ the symptoms and signs were recognized and known by others before them. In 1889 Doyne² reported changes of the retina similar to those described later as angioid streaks. In 1892 Pflange³ and Knapp⁴ described such changes as angioid streaks of the retina. The first comprehensive description of the characteristic cutaneous lesions was that by Darier⁵ in 1896. He described both the clinical and the histologic changes of the skin under the name of pseudoxanthoma elasticum. In 1904 Werther⁶ called attention to the fact that pseudoxanthoma elasticum was a familial disease. Sugg and Stetson⁷ reported the case of two sisters with pseudoxanthoma elasticum, angioid streaks and diabetes. Verhoeff⁸ reported angioid streaks in a case of osteitis deformans. In his investigation of 22 cases of osteitis deformans, Terry⁹