Currently, there is great excitement and hope in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention, care, and research communities regarding the conceivable end of AIDS, although not the end of HIV. The energy behind the recent wave of hope regarding the end of AIDS was apparent at the recent International AIDS Conference (AIDS 2012), as well as in the literature of the past several years and particularly of the last year.1 It is based on mounting, convincing evidence revealing that treatment with the current generation of powerful antiretroviral therapy (ART) is able to prevent progression to AIDS and to greatly reduce mortality among persons with HIV who are appropriately treated.2,3 When taken by the infected partner, ART is also highly effective at preventing HIV transmission to the uninfected partner.4 Consistent with these findings, ART has been shown to be effective at preventing acquisition of HIV infection during male-to-male sexual contact, a strategy known as PreP.5