The US health care system has been slow to change. Thirteen years have passed since the seminal report, “To Err is Human,” was published by the Institute of Medicine,1 yet meaningful improvements in quality have been agonizingly slow to come, and injury and error remain commonplace.2 The cost of health care continues to increase at a rate that exceeds the US gross domestic product, as it has for over 40 years, squeezing out investments in infrastructure, education, research and development, and real gains in wages. Moreover, the health care industry has lagged behind other industries in improving operational performance and adopting technology-enabled process improvements to quality, safety, and efficiency.