In this issue of JAMA Internal Medicine, Qin and colleagues1 report that more than half of bimanual pelvic examinations and about 70% of Papanicolaou (Pap) tests performed among girls and women aged 15 to 20 years in the United States are potentially unnecessary. The findings of their cross-sectional study demonstrate what happens to vulnerable populations (in this case, girls and young women) when clinicians do not keep up with or do not adhere to new guidelines.