One of the most severe, debilitating infections is chronic ulcerative colitis of the type in which we1 have shown a diplostreptococcus to have etiologic significance. Its onset may be insidious, beginning with the passage of blood, mucus and pus, mixed with the stool, at times associated with abdominal cramps and tenesmus, but not necessarily with marked increase in the number of passages. It may also start as a severe, fulminating illness, with many bloody, rectal discharges mixed with pus, with gruelling cramps, fever (figs. 1 and 2), and marked prostration, somewhat in the manner of other severe infectious diseases. Between the two extremes are all gradations of seriousness in symptoms, which depend, in large measure, on the extent of involvement of the large intestine. The disease affects various portions, or all, of the large intestine but, except later in the severer cases, rarely attacks the terminal portion of the ileum.2