In contrast to hyperchromic anemia with achlorhydria, commonly called pernicious anemia, hypochromic anemia with achlorhydria has received comparatively little attention. This is due principally, it would seem, to three factors. 1. This type of anemia is so readily confused with other hypochromic anemias that it often is not recognized. Many physicians are satisfied to rule out pernicious anemia carefully and then to rest content on a diagnosis of "secondary anemia" without further investigation or distinction. A smear is made, a blood count is done, no megalocytes are found, the color index is low, and at once all interest in the anemia disappears. 2. This condition never reaches the severity of pernicious anemia, and hence is more readily passed over. The patients do not look as sick as they really are, and one is greatly surprised to find the hemoglobin so low. They show so favorable a picture, on physical examination,