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Approximately 14% of premature infants die during the first year of life, and most of these deaths are due to respiratory problems. This monograph deals with many phases of the problem. The following papers plus discussion of each are included: "Uterine and Placental Circulation," by Dr. Elizabeth M. Ramsey; "Hemodynamic Changes in the Fetal Circulation," by Dr. S. R. M. Reynolds; "Tissue Metabolism in Fetus and Newborn Infant," by Claude A. Villee; "Physiology of Initiation and Continuation of Breathing After Premature Birth," by Dr. James L. Wilson; "Gross and Microscopic Changes," by Dr. Edith L. Potter; "Pulmonary Physiology," by Dr. Charles D. Cook; "Obstetrical Factors Influencing Respiratory Difficulties in the Premature," by Dr. Lloyd V. Shields; "Pediatric Factors in Prevention and Diagnosis," by Dr. Steward H. Clifford; "Narcosis and Stimulation," by Dr. John Adriani; "Assisted Initiation and Maintenance of Respiration," by Dr. Richard L. Day; "Immunity," by Dr. Joseph Dancis;