TREATMENT OF TYPHOID FEVER BY INTRAVENOUS INJECTIONS OF POLYVALENT SENSITIZED TYPHOID VACCINE SEDIMENT: STUDIES IN TYPHOID IMMUNIZATION VI

Since the work of Fraenkel¹ in 1893, killed preparations of the typhoid bacillus have been injected subcutaneously as a means of treatment in typhoid fever. Little interest was at first awakened by the suggestive results of Fraenkel except in a discussion of the specificity of his treatment (Rumpf,² Kraus and Buswell,³ Presser.⁴) In 1902 Petruschy⁵ used a combination of vaccine and immune serum in typhoid, and in 1908 Pescarolo and Quadrone⁶ advocated the use of a living, avirulent typhoid culture. Following the interest in vaccine therapy awakened by Wright, increasingly frequent reports on the possible value of typhoid vaccines in typhoid fever have appeared. In 1912 Callison⁷ summarized the results obtained by numerous authors, chiefly English and American, in 747 cases, and in 1915 Krumbhaar

and Richardson⁸ could collect over 1,800 cases reported on by forty authors. It is known that many