Analysis of Dual Combination Therapies Used in Treatment of Hypertension in a Multinational Cohort

This cohort study investigates differences in dual combination therapy use for hypertension in 8 countries and territories by country and patient demographic group.


IQVIA LPD Australia
The IQVIA LPD Australia database consists of anonymized patient records collected from Patient Management software used by GPs during an office visit to document patients' clinical records. The data originates from two sources: longitudinal patient data and practice profiles where they are integrated into one common data source.

IQVIA US Ambulatory EMR
The IQVIA US Ambulatory EMR database consists of longitudinal, de-identified electronic health records originating from ambulatory clients. The data contains detailed clinical information that captures important health outcomes such as lab test results and vital signs. It also covers administered drugs including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vaccines, large-molecule biologic therapies, route of administration, days suppl and refill information.

IQVIA Longitudinal Patient Database (LPD) France
The IQVIA OMOP Longitudinal Patient Database (LPD) France database consists of anonymized patient records collected from Patient Management software used by Doctors during an office visit to document patients' clinical records. The total database consists of 1200 GPs, 7.8 million patients, 620 specialists across 8 specialties (cardiology, neurology, psychiatry, pulmonology, gastroenterology, gynecology, diabetology & rheumatology)

IQVIA LPD Italy
LPD Italy is comprised of anonymized patient records collected from software used by GPs during an office visit to document patients' clinical records. Data coverage includes over 2M patient records with at least one visit and 119.5M prescription orders across 900 GP practices. Dates of service include from 2004 through present. Observation time is defined by the first and last consultation dates. Drugs are captured as prescription records with product, quantity, dosing directions, strength, indication and date of consultation.
The 2012-2019 Electronic Practice based Research Network 2019 Linked Dataset from South Western Sydney Local Health District (ePBRN SWSLHD) consisted of anonymised, electronic health records sourced from an integrated care network of 18 general practitioner clinics and hospitals located in South Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. These records are linked to hospital data using probabilistic linkage. The linked dataset covers 166,590 patients and includes patient demographics, medications, conditions, and visits to general practices and hospitals converted into OMOP-CDM.

Kyung Hee University Medical Center (KHMC) South Korea
The Kyung Hee University Medical Center (KHMC) database consists of electronic health record data from a tertiary hospital in Korea with 1,053 patient beds, 34 medical departments, and 16 operating rooms. This hospital is one of the first hospitals in Korea to attempt to computerize medical records. The KHMC database used in the current study contains medical records of 2.01 million patients collected from 2008 to 2018.

China Jiangsu Province Hospital (CJSPH)
China Jiangsu Province Hospital (CJSPH) is comprised of anonymized patient records collected from Clinical Data Repository (CDR). Data coverage includes over 6,230,000 patient records (Outpatient and Inpatient). Dates of service include from January 1st, 2005 to December 31st, 2015. Observation time is defined by the first and last visiting dates. Drugs are captured as prescription records with product, quantity, dosing directions, strength, indication and date of prescription.

National University Hospital (NUH) Singapore
National University Hospital (NUH) data consists of anonymized patient records extracted from the Electronic Health Record system of the hospital. Data coverage includes 750,270 patients across Inpatient, Outpatient and Emergency visits between 2015 to 2018.

Taipei Medical University Clinical Research Database (TMUCRD)
Taipei Medical University has been integrating the electronic medical records databases of TMU's three affiliated hospitals (Taipei Medical University Hospital, Wanfang Hospital and Shuang Ho Hospital) to form the Taipei Medical University Clinical Research Database (TMUCRD) Since 2015. It combines various electronic medical records data of the three hospitals, including structured data (such as patient's basic information, medical information, test reports, diagnosis results, treatment procedures, surgery and medication status) and unstructured data (such as physicians records, pathology reports, medical imaging reports), and compiled them into analyzable data. The data period covered by TMUCRD is from 1998 to 2020. Since Shuang Ho Hospital joined the TMU System in 2008, the scope of the database includes the complete data of the three hospitals. The data content includes 13 categories, 63 data tables and 2,506 fields. In addition, the various data tables can be mutually linked. As of 2020, the database has accumulated the medical information of nearly 3.79 million patients across Taiwan.

eAppendix 2. Ethical Approval
All data partners received institutional review board (IRB) approval or exemption.