Prepandemic Physical Activity and Risk of COVID-19 Diagnosis and Hospitalization in Older Adults

This cohort study uses pooled data from 3 randomized clinical trials to assess the association between physical activity levels before the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent odds of COVID-19 diagnosis and hospitalization.


Adjusted odds of COVID-19 by level of physical activity before the COVID-19 pandemic, restricting follow-up through December 2020
Adjusted for demographic characteristics (i.e., sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, and income) and BMI.# Model 2: Adjusted for demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors (i.e., BMI, smoking status and alcohol intake).†Model 3: Fully adjusted for demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors (i.e., BMI, smoking status and alcohol intake), and comorbidities/medication use (i.e., history of diabetes, hypertension, malignant cancer, myocardial infarction, or stroke and use of NSAIDs, aspirin, and statins medication).

Adjusted odds of COVID-19 hospitalization by level of physical activity before the COVID-19 pandemic, restricting follow-up through December 2020
Adjusted for demographic characteristics (i.e., sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, and income) and BMI.# Model 2: Adjusted for demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors (i.e., BMI, smoking status and alcohol intake).†Model 3: Fully adjusted for demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors (i.e., BMI, smoking status and alcohol intake), and comorbidities/medication use (i.e., history of diabetes, hypertension, malignant cancer, myocardial infarction, or stroke and use of NSAIDs, aspirin, and statins medication).

Adjusted odds of COVID-19 by level of physical activity before the COVID-19 pandemic, with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status added to the model
Fully adjusted for demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors (i.e., BMI, smoking status and alcohol intake), and comorbidities/medication use (i.e., history of diabetes, hypertension, malignant cancer, myocardial infarction, or stroke and use of NSAIDs, aspirin, and statins medication) (Model 3), as well as SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status.

eTable 5. Adjusted odds of COVID-19 hospitalization by level of physical activity before the COVID-19 pandemic, with SARS- CoV-2 vaccination status added to the model
Fully adjusted for demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors (i.e., BMI, smoking status and alcohol intake), and comorbidities/medication use (i.e., history of diabetes, hypertension, malignant cancer, myocardial infarction, or stroke and use of NSAIDs, aspirin, and statins medication) (Model 3), as well as SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status.

eTable 6. Adjusted odds of COVID-19 by level of physical activity before the COVID-19 pandemic, combining consistently inactive and insufficiently active participants in one group vs. sufficiently active
Fully adjusted for demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors (i.e., BMI, smoking status and alcohol intake), and comorbidities/medication use (i.e., history of diabetes, hypertension, malignant cancer, myocardial infarction, or stroke and use of NSAIDs, aspirin, and statins medication) (Model 3).

Adjusted odds of COVID-19 hospitalization by level of physical activity before the COVID-19 pandemic, combining consistently inactive and insufficiently active participants in one group vs. sufficiently active
Fully adjusted for demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors (i.e., BMI, smoking status and alcohol intake), and comorbidities/medication use (i.e., history of diabetes, hypertension, malignant cancer, myocardial infarction, or stroke and use of NSAIDs, aspirin, and statins medication) (Model 3).