JAMA Network Open

Mission Statement: JAMA Network Open is an international, peer-reviewed, open access, general medical journal that publishes research and commentary on clinical care, innovation in health care, health policy, and global health across all health disciplines and countries for clinicians, investigators, and policy makers. Our vision is to use new and emerging technologies to enhance communication of all content and make it freely available. Our mission is to improve health and health care for people around the globe. Consistent with the rigorous editorial, peer review, and publishing standards of the JAMA Network, our goal is for JAMA Network Open to be the leading open access general medical journal in the world.

• Frederick P. Rivara, MD, MPH, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

• Stephan D. Fihn, MD, MPH, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

• Sebastien J. P. A. Haneuse, PhD, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts

• Laura A. Almasy, PhD, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

• Steven M. Bradley, MD, MPH, Minneapolis Heart Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota

• Daniel V. T. Catenacci, MD, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois

• Elizabeth A. Jacobs, MD, MAPP, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas

• Arden M. Morris, MD, MPH, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California

• Olugbenga Ogedegbe, MD, MS, MPH, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York

• Eli N. Perencevich, MD, MS, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa

• Roy H. Perlis, MD, MSc, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

• Gordon D. Rubenfeld, MD, MSc, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

• Nathan Seth Trueger, MD, MPH, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

• Elizabeth Powell, MD, MPH, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

• Richard Amdur, PhD, Nathaniel L. Baker, MS, Jesse A. Berlin, ScD, Veronica Berrocal, PhD, Adam Biener, PhD, Thomas M. Braun, PhD, Elizabeth Brown, ScD, Jeanine Marie Buchanich, MEd, MPH, PhD, Andrew G. Chapple, PhD, Cody Chiuzan, PhD, David J. Couper, PhD, Daniela Dunkler, PhD, Dorothy D. Dunlop, PhD, Eleni Elia, PhD, Ani Eloyan, PhD, Jeff Goldsmith, PhD, Ben Goldstein, PhD, Rolf H.H. Groenwold, MD, PhD, Bradley G. Hammill, DrPH, David C. Hoaglin, PhD, Jason Michael Hockenberry, PhD, Janet T. Holbrook, PhD, MPH, Susan M. Hutfless, PhD, Jeffrey L. Jackson, MD, Neil S. Kamdar, MA, Hormuzd A. Katki, PhD, Michael W. Kattan, PhD, Kelley M. Kidwell, PhD, Joseph S. Koopmeiners, PhD, Louise Kuhn, PhD, Julie C. Lauffenburger, PharmD, PhD, Lifeng Lin, PhD, Matthew Shane Loop, PhD, Charles Maynard, PhD, Donna McClish, PhD, Glen McGee, PhD, Jessina C. McGregor, PhD, Aya A. Mitani, PhD, MPH, Paul Nietert, PhD, Maren Olsen, PhD, An Pan, PhD, Ankur Pandya, PhD, Rachel E. Patzer, PhD, MPH, Sarah Peskoe, PhD, Rema Ramakrishnan, PhD, Laura Rasmussen-Torvik, PhD, MPH, Kyle D. Rudser, PhD, Lauren R. Samuels, PhD, Doug E. Schaubel, PhD, Eric C. Seaberg, PhD, MPH, Michelle Shardell, PhD, Pamela Ann Shaw, PhD, Russell Shinohara, PhD, Abigail B. Shoben, PhD, Cathie Spino, ScD, Brett D. Thombs, PhD, Linda Valeri, PhD, Benjamin F. Voight, PhD, Colin P. West, MD, PhD, Davene R. Wright, PhD, Yuting Zhang, PhD, Frederick J. Zimmerman, PhD, M. Bridget Zimmerman, PhD

• Daniel Lowden, Chicago, Illinois

• JAMA Network Open

• 330 N Wabash Ave, Ste 39-300

• Chicago, IL 60611

• Phone: (312) 464-5437

• jamanetworkopen@jamanetwork.org

• L. Ebony Boulware, MD, MPH, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina

• Atul Butte, MD, PhD, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California

• Karen B. DeSalvo, MD, MPH, MSc, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas

• Tsuguya Fukui, MD, MPH, PhD, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

• Anne Johnson, MD, University College London, London, England

• Harlan M. Krumholz, MD, SM, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut

• Mengfeng Li, MD, PhD, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

• Ellen J. MacKenzie, PhD, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland

• Frits R. Rosendaal, MD, PhD, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

• Offices 330 N Wabash Ave, Chicago, IL 60611

• Editor in Chief, JAMA Network Howard Bauchner, MD

• Executive Editor Phil B. Fontanarosa, MD, MBA

• Executive Managing Editor Annette Flanagin

• Deputy Managing Editor Shannon Sparenga

• Assistant Deputy Managing Editor Heather Green

• Manuscript Editors Rebecca Luttrell, Rebecca Palmer, Jen Phillis

• Editorial Assistant Michaela Mark

• Freelance Manuscript Editing Manager Connie L. Manno

• Senior Freelance Manuscript Editing Coordinator Sara M. Billings

• Freelance Manuscript Editing Coordinators Timothy Gray, Juliet A. Orellana, Paul Ruich, Kirby Snell

• Freelance Copy Editors and Copyreaders Catherine A. Alden, Stephanie Lang Beckmeyer, Jane Calayag, Jan Clavey, Mary Coerver-Connolly, Paula Glitman, Laura King, Regina Z. Lilly, Charon Pierson, Rebecca J. Ritke, Thressa D. Smith, Divya Sreekumar, Donna J. Thordsen, Christine Tilles, Caroline A. V. Woods

• Directors Larry Bryant, Jacob Kendall-Taylor, Monica Mungle

• Managers and Staff Fanny L. Brown, Anna Bukowski, Lee Calibeo, Lenette Gardner-Gullens, Tosca Hall, Erin Kato, Rachell Lozano, Sylvia Orellana, Kenneth Otani, Caroline Sietmann, Angelia Waltower

• Deputy Editor and Director Michael Berkwits, MD

• Digital Media Production Eric Butkus, Michelle Kurzynski (managers); Elena Guobyte, Emily Ling, Jesse McQuarters, Daniel Morrow (producers)

• Social Media Eman Hassaballa Aly (manager); Reuben Rios (coordinator)

• Electronic Media Systems and Services Mary Lynn Ferkaluk

• Director Marla A. Hall

• Staff Deanna Willis, Yolanda Davis

• Editorial Counsel Joseph P. Thornton, JD

• Manager Deanna Bellandi

• Staff Jim Michalski

• Senior Vice President and Publisher, Periodical Publications Thomas J. Easley

• Vice President, Publishing Strategy and Business Operations Brian Shields

• Vice President, Publishing Production Operations Karen Adams-Taylor

• Vice President, Digital Product Management and Development Paul Gee

• Staff Monica Smith

• Director Jeffery J. Bonistalli

• Manager Kathy Russell

• Staff Mirna Monal

• Sales Representative Tim Melroy

• Director, Marketing Mark Thornbury

• Staff Tricia Castellano

• Director Anna Frazier

• Manager Thalia Moss

• Staff Sade DeRamus-Townsend, Tony Ralenkotter

• Sales Representatives Marsha Fogler, Rachel Sisholtz

• Director, Worldwide Sales Vida Damijonaitis

• Managers Saskia Bolore, Gretchen Linder, Brian McCartney

• Sales Representatives Christine Hearne, Natasha Nekola

• Staff David Baum, Morgan Osgood, Ron Thomas

• Directors Rick Bell, Elizabeth Solaro, Sara Zimmerman

• Associate Publisher/Senior Product Development Geoffrey Flick

• Managers Lindsay Dawson, Ellen Gibson, Craig McCaffrey, Michael McGraw, Daniel Pickhardt, Romando Rossini, Sarah Subramanian, Stacy Tucker, KC Walsh

• Business Analyst Sirisha Alluri

• Staff Millette Jackson-Bates, Tom Miller

• Directors Karl Elvin, Nancy Essex, Jaye Mize, Sean O’Donnell, Sue Sherrill

• Managers David Antos, Anthony Bautista, Chris Borden, Debbie Camp, Jennifer Carney, Lydia Cruz, Scott Curl, Diane Darnell, Nanette Diaz, Jordynn Farrar, Allison Hughes, Tiffany Jones, Colleen Kelly, Chris Meyer, Annemarie Neff, J.D. Neff, Sean Ohlson, Phil O’Leary, Bill Pedone, Susan Price, Binita Shah, Erin Spencer, Denise Steinhauser, Joe Wixted

• Advertising and Production Services Ahmed Avendano, Kim Boler, Rhonda Bailey Brown, Fin Carter, Michael Deegan, Daniel DeGroot, Euwanaha Joiner-Smith, Joshua Lane, Cindy Rendlen, Ellen Yoshihara

• Circulation Services Julie Burton, Ronna Hewitt, Mary Sieck, Geneine Van Someren, Jamaal Vargas

• Content Production Systems Mike Bujewski, Nathan Mitre

• Digital Production Regina Brownlee, Amanda Camino, Brenda Chandler-Grayer, Emily Dunn, Amy Evers, Maleeka Holden, Teri Hutchison, Dan Knowles, Joshua Lampinen, Natalie Marsh, Patricia E. Panek, Marla Seidell, La’son Diggs Sledge, Julian Wiley

• Graphics Joe Amft, James Collver, Maria Duda, Fred Furtner, Carolyn Hall, Maria Kowalkowski

• Proofreading Carol Joy Farrell, Maria Giannini, Sasha Grossman, Judith A. Literskis, Teresa H. Omiotek, Michael Ryder

• Executive Vice President, Chief Executive Officer James L. Madara, MD

JAMA Network is a consortium of peer-reviewed medical publications that includes JAMA® and the JAMA Network journals. JAMA Network Open does not hold itself responsible for statements made by any contributor. All articles published, including opinion articles, represent the views of the authors and do not reflect the policy of the Journal, the American Medical Association, or the institution with which the author is affiliated, unless otherwise indicated.

©2019 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. Reproduction without permission is prohibited.