CARDIOLOGY
Karen L. Margolis, MD, MPH; Stephen E. Asche, MA; Steven P. Dehmer, PhD; et al.
This follow-up of a cluster randomized clinical trial of adults with uncontrolled hypertension examines the durability of the effect of a home blood pressure telemonitoring and pharmacist management intervention on blood pressure through 54 months of follow-up and compares blood pressure measurements performed in the research clinic vs usual care.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e181617. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.1617
SURGERY
Jesse A. Columbo, MD; Pablo Martinez-Camblor, PhD; Todd A. MacKenzie, PhD; et al.
This registry-based multicenter cohort study examines long-term survival after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS) in real-world practice using a novel instrumental variable method designed for time-to-event outcomes compared with traditional risk-adjustment models used in observational studies for survival analyses.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e181676. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.1676
GERIATRICS
Alison R. Huang, MPH; Kiersten L. Strombotne, PhD; Elizabeth Mokyr Horner, PhD; et al.
This population-based cohort study investigates the association between adolescent cognitive ability and later-in-life Medicare-recorded Alzheimer disease and related disorders and explores the association seperately in men and women.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e181726. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.1726
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Rebecca H. Kim, MD, MPH; Susan C. Day, MD, MPH; Dylan S. Small, PhD; et al.
This quality improvement study compares differences in influenza vaccination rates by clinic appointment time and evaluates whether an active choice intervention in the electronic health record is associated with changes in vaccination rates.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e181770. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.1770
SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION
Edward F. Ellerbeck, MD, MPH; Nicole Nollen, PhD; Tresza D. Hutcheson, PhD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial compares the effect of long-term nicotine replacement therapy vs standard smoking cessation on exposure to cigarette smoke, harm related to smoking, and smoking cessation among smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e181843. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.1843
DIABETES AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
Anna R. Kahkoska, BS; Christina M. Shay, PhD; Jamie Crandell, PhD; et al.
This longitudinal cohort study compares trajectories of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) increase, considered a measure of glycemic control, among patients younger than 20 years of age with type 1 diabetes according to their self-reported race/ethnicity using data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e181851. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.1851
GERIATRICS
Yue-Bin Lv, MD; Jin-Qiu Yuan, PhD; Chen Mao, PhD; et al.
This cohort study uses data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study to examine whether body mass index (BMI) is associated with subsequent disability in activities of daily living in Chinese adults 80 years of age or older.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e181915. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.1915
CARDIOLOGY
Bengt Zöller, MD, PhD; Peter J. Svensson, MD, PhD; Jan Sundquist, MD, PhD; et al.
This cohort study uses Swedish national databases to assess major bleeding and venous thromboembolism (VTE) following hip and knee replacement surgical procedures in patients with and without a family history of VTE.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e181924. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.1924
ONCOLOGY
Ryan Suk, MS; Parag Mahale, PhD; Kalyani Sonawane, PhD; et al.
This registry-based cohort study using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database investigates the risk of human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated second primary cancers among survivors of HPV-associated index cancers and tests the hypothesis that the risk of HPV-associated second primary cancer has increased over the last 4 decades.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e181999. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.1999
CARDIOLOGY
Ankur Pandya, PhD; David A. Asch, MD, MBA; Kevin G. Volpp, MD, PhD; et al.
This model-based economic evaluation examines the cost-effectiveness of financial incentives for patients and physicians in controlling low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e182008. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2008
HEALTH POLICY
Nicholas S. Downing, MD; Changqin Wang, MD, MS; Aakriti Gupta, MD; et al.
This cohort study uses Medicare claims data to compare performance within and between US hospitals concerning the association of race and neighborhood income with patient outcomes after hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure, and pneumonia.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e182044. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2044
ONCOLOGY
Lorraine M. Elit, MD, MSc, FRCSC; Anthony W. Fyles, MD, FRCPC; Chu-Shu Gu, PhD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial compares the extent of treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy in women with locally advanced cervical cancer who have staging using fludeoxyglucose F 18 positron emission–computed tomography along with conventional staging with CT of the abdomen and pelvis vs those who have staging with CT alone.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e182081. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2081
HEALTH POLICY
Carley Riley, MD, MPP, MHS; Brita Roy, MD, MPH, MHS; Jeph Herrin, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study uses US county-level well-being data from the Gallup-Sharecare Well-Being Index and annual Medicare fee-for-service spending per beneficiary to assess whether the overall well-being of a population is associated with the health care spending for those 65 years or older.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e182136. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2136
GENETICS AND GENOMICS
Kandamurugu Manickam, MD, MPH; Adam H. Buchanan, MS, MPH; Marci L. B. Schwartz, ScM; et al.
This cross-sectional study investigates the ascertainment of pathogenic and likely pathogenic BRCA1/2 variants among US adults enrolled in the MyCode Community Health Initiative.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e182140. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2140
PUBLIC HEALTH
Alyssa C. Mooney, MPH; Shannon McConville, MPP; Aaron J. Rappaport, JD; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines all outpatient emergency department (ED) visits and inpatient admissions for injuries following legal interventions by police and other law enforcement agents and trends in injury rates and severity and association with disparities by race and ethnicity of the treated patients.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e182150. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2150
HEALTH POLICY
Taressa K. Fraze, PhD; Elliott S. Fisher, MD, MPH; Marisa R. Tomaino, BA; et al.
This comparative cross-sectional study describes the practices of the Comprehensive Primary Care Plus medical home program model and compares hospital service areas with and without these practices using data from the US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e182169. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2169
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
Caitlin G. Howe, PhD; Sandrah P. Eckel, PhD; Rima Habre, ScD; et al.
This cohort study examines the association between prenatal exposure to ambient and traffic-related air pollution and newborn total thyroxine concentrations and investigates critical gestational windows of exposure during pregnancies.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e182172. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2172
CARDIOLOGY
Eyal Cohen, MD, MSc; Erzsébet Horváth-Puhó, MSc, PhD; Joel G. Ray, MD, MSc; et al.
This cohort study examines the risk for cardiovascular disease among women in Denmark who have given birth to children with major congenital anomalies.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e182320. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2320
PSYCHIATRY
Kuan-Pin Su, MD, PhD; Ping-Tao Tseng, MD; Pao-Yen Lin, MD, PhD; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis of 19 clinical trials evaluates whether improvement in anxiety symptoms is associated with anxiolytic effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) treatment compared with control treatments in both placebo-controlled and non–placebo-controlled trials.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e182327. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2327
PEDIATRICS
Gaëlle Pinto Cardoso, MD; Estelle Houivet, MSc; Laetitia Marchand-Martin, MSc, PhD; et al.
This population-based cohort study assesses the risks associated with tocolysis as measured by death and intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants and compares the risks between calcium channel blockers and atosiban.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e182355. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2355
NEUROLOGY
Xuexian Fang, PhD; Dan Han, MS; Qi Cheng, BS; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the dose-response association between levels of physical activity and the risk of Parkinson disease by examining data from 8 studies including more than half a million participants.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e182421. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2421
EMERGENCY MEDICINE
Erik P. Hess, MD, MSc; James L. Homme, MD; Anupam B. Kharbanda, MD, MSc; et al.
This cluster randomized trial compares the effect of the Head Computed Tomography Choice decision aid with usual care in parents of children with minor head trauma at intermediate risk for clinically important traumatic brain injuries who are treated in emergency departments.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e182430. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2430
PEDIATRICS
Izzuddin M. Aris, PhD; Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, MPH; Ling-Jun Li, MD, PhD; et al.
This study of birth cohorts from the United States and Belarus examines whether weight for length or body mass index more accurately estimates future cardiometabolic outcomes in children younger than 2 years.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e182460. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2460
CARDIOLOGY
Zain Alzahrani, MD; Aylin Ornelas-Loredo; Sara D. Darbar, BSc; et al.
This cohort study compares the prevalence of family history of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients of European, African, and Hispanic/Latino descent with early-onset AF vs non–early-onset AF.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e182497. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2497
COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
Leslie R. M. Hausmann, PhD; Ada Youk, PhD; C. Kent Kwoh, MD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial assesses the effects of a positive psychological intervention on pain and functional difficulty vs a control program in veterans with knee osteoarthritis and evaluates whether this management varies by race.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e182533. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2533
PEDIATRICS
Elizabeth A. Hunt, MD, MPH, PhD; Jordan M. Duval-Arnould, MPH, DrPH; Melania M. Bembea, MD, MPH, PhD; et al.
This cohort study compares survival to discharge after in-hospital cardiac arrest with a first documented shockable rhythm between children who were treated with defibrillation 2 minutes or less after arrest vs more than 2 minutes after arrest using data from the American Heart Association’s Get With The Guidelines–Resuscitation national registry.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e182643. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2643
DIABETES AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
Yogesan Kanagasingam, PhD; Di Xiao, PhD; Janardhan Vignarajan, BSc (Hons); et al.
This diagnostic study evaluates an artificial intelligence (AI)–based system for diagnosing diabetic retinopathy using retinal images in a primary care setting vs the gold standard of diagnosis by an ophthalmologist.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e182665. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2665
PEDIATRICS
Esther van Puffelen, MD; Jessie M. Hulst, MD, PhD; Ilse Vanhorebeek, PhD; et al.
This subanalysis of the Pediatric Early vs Late Parenteral Nutrition in Intensive Care Unit (PEPaNIC) randomized clinical trial assesses the outcome effects of withholding parenteral nutrition for 1 week vs initiation within 24 hours in undernourished critically ill children.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e182668. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2668
HEALTH INFORMATICS
Nrupen A. Bhavsar, PhD; Aijing Gao, MS; Matthew Phelan, MS; et al.
This cohort study quantifies the association of neighborhood socioeconomic status with adverse outcomes and the value of neighborhood socioeconomic status in predicting the risk of adverse outcomes in electronic health record (EHR)–based risk models.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e182716. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2716
MEDICAL EDUCATION
Aba Osseo-Asare, MD; Lilanthi Balasuriya, MD; Stephen J. Huot, MD, PhD; et al.
This qualitative study characterizes how black, Hispanic, and Native American resident physicians experience race/ethnicity in the workplace during their graduate medical education and training.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e182723. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2723
PEDIATRICS
Erica N. Peters, PhD; Dayoung Bae, PhD; Jessica L. Barrington-Trimis, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional survey study investigates the prevalence, patterns, and sociodemographic correlates of cannabis product use and polyuse by administration methods (combustible, vaporized, and edible) among a sample of adolescents in 10th grade.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e182765. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2765
HEALTH POLICY
Rohan Khera, MD; Kumar Dharmarajan, MD, MBA; Yongfei Wang, MS; et al.
This cohort study uses Medicare data to evaluate whether the announcement or implementation of the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP) was associated with an increase in either in-hospital or 30-day postdischarge mortality following hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure (HF), or pneumonia.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e182777. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2777
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Invited Commentary
Death, Readmissions, and Getting Policy Right
Ashish K. Jha, MD, MPH
JAMA Netw Open
CARDIOLOGY
Amgad Mentias, MD; Ghanshyam Shantha, MBBS, MPH; Pulkit Chaudhury, MD; et al.
This comparative effectiveness analysis assesses the efficacy and safety of oral anticoagulants dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and warfarin in elderly Medicare beneficiaries with atrial fibrillation (AF) and multiple chronic conditions.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e182870. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2870
GLOBAL HEALTH
Fan Yang, MA; Xueyi Liu, MA; Panpan Zha, BA
This cross-sectional analysis uses data from the Demographic and Health Surveys to assess the socioeconomic inequalities and prevalence of anemia among children and nonpregnant women in low- and middle-income countries.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e182899. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2899
PUBLIC HEALTH
Barry R. Meisenberg, MD; Jennifer Grover, PA; Colson Campbell, BS; et al.
This quality improvement study compares opioid prescribing rates in a single health system before and after a multipart intervention intended to decrease overprescribing.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e182908. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2908
SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION
Hefei Wen, PhD; Jason M. Hockenberry, PhD; Harold A. Pollack, MPP, PhD
This economic evaluation study uses Medicaid prescription data from 2011 to 2016 to analyze the association of number of physicians permitted to prescribe buprenorphine for opioid addiction treatment with use of buprenorphine treatment and prescription opioid use among Medicaid enrollees.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e182943. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2943
NEUROLOGY
Fumi Kiyuna, MD; Noriko Sato, MD; Ryu Matsuo, MD, PhD; et al.
This multicenter registry-based cohort study of patients hospitalized with ischemic stroke investigates whether functional outcome differs according to potential embolic sources after cryptogenic stroke.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e182953. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2953
ONCOLOGY
Florian R. Schroeck, MD, MS; Kristine E. Lynch, PhD; Ji won Chang, MPH; et al.
This cohort study assesses cystoscopy frequency for patients with low-risk vs high-risk bladder cancer treated at US Veterans Affairs facilities.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(5):e183442. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3442