NEPHROLOGY
Elani Streja, MPH, PhD; Elvira O. Gosmanova, MD; Miklos Z. Molnar, MD, PhD; et al.
This cohort study compares whether the continuation vs discontinuation of statins from advanced chronic kidney disease into the dialysis therapy period is associated with improved all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in US veterans.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e182311. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2311
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Invited Commentary
Statins at Dialysis Transition—Supportive but Not Sufficient
Daniel Edmonston, MD; Myles Wolf, MD, MMSc; Michael Pencina, PhD
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e182411. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2411
GLOBAL HEALTH
Annick Anderson, MBA; Deborah Borfitz, BS; Kenneth Getz, MBA
This survey study reviews the findings of the attitudes, perceptions, and experiences of clinical trials among clinical trial participants and nonparticipants in 68 countries.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e182969. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2969
HEALTH INFORMATICS
Carolyn T. Lye, BA; Howard P. Forman, MD, MBA; Ruiyi Gao, BS; et al.
This cross-sectional study uses a simulated patient experience to evaluate the current state of medical records request processes of US hospitals in terms of compliance with federal and state regulations and ease of patient access.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183014. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3014
ONCOLOGY
Gabriel A. Brooks, MD, MPH; Andrea M. Austin, PhD; Hajime Uno, PhD; et al.
This cohort study analyzes Medicare claims linked with Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program data to assess hospitalization risk and survival among US patients receiving carboplatin-paclitaxel or carboplatin-pemetrexed for treatment of metastatic, nonsquamous, non–small cell lung cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183023. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3023
HEALTH POLICY
Sebastien Haneuse, PhD; Francesca Dominici, PhD; Sharon-Lise Normand, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines the variation between California hospitals in mortality and readmission after cancer surgical procedures.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183038. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3038
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Invited Commentary
Variation Across the Continuum of Surgical Oncology Care
Elizabeth C. Wick, MD; Pelin Cinar, MD
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183035. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3035
HEALTH POLICY
James Heyward, MPH; Christopher M. Jones, PharmD, MPH; Wilson M. Compton, MD, MPE; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines rates of coverage and utilization management policies for nonpharmacologic treatments for chronic, noncancer low back pain among 45 Medicaid, Medicare Advantage, and commercial 2017 health insurance plans from 16 US states.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183044. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3044
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Invited Commentary
Insurer Coverage of Nonpharmacological Treatments for Low Back Pain—Time for a Change
Christine M. Goertz, DC, PhD; Steven Z. George, PT, PhD
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183037. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3037
DERMATOLOGY
April W. Armstrong, MD, MPH; Cindy J. Chambers, MD, MAS, MPH; Emanual Maverakis, MD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial examines whether an online, collaborative connected-health model results in equivalent clinical improvements compared with in-person care among US adults with psoriasis.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183062. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3062
ONCOLOGY
Rahul Sreekumar, MD; Scott Harris, PhD; Karwan Moutasim, MD, PhD; et al.
This diagnostic study investigates whether nuclear ZEB2 expression in colorectal cancer is associated with early recurrence and reduced survival in 2 independent patient cohorts.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183115. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3115
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Invited Commentary
Can ZEB2 Be Used as a Molecular Marker for Risk Stratification of Patients With Colorectal Cancer?
Joceline V. Vu, MD; Ana De Roo, MD; Karin M. Hardiman, MD, PhD
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183133. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3133
ONCOLOGY
Jeremy M. O’Connor, MD, MHS; Tannaz Sedghi, MPH; Meera Dhodapkar; et al.
This cross-sectional study uses death records from the US National Center for Health Statistics to investigate the association between cancer death rates and county-level median household income and identifies potential mediating factors of this association.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183146. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3146
ONCOLOGY
Yaojun Zhang, MD; Mengping Zhang, PhD; Minshan Chen, MD; et al.
This cohort study of patients in China investigates whether sustained response duration of 6 months or more following treatment with conventional transarterial chemoembolization (cTACE) is a reliable surrogate end point for overall survival in patients with intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183213. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3213
SURGERY
James W. T. Toh, MBBS, BSc, FRACS; Kevin Phan, MBBS; Kerry Hitos, BSc, PhD; et al.
This network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials assesses which approach in colorectal surgery (mechanical bowel preparation with and without oral antibiotics) is associated with the lowest rate of surgical site infections.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183226. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3226
PEDIATRICS
Danielle E. Y. Ehret, MD, MPH; Erika M. Edwards, PhD, MPH; Lucy T. Greenberg, MS; et al.
This cohort study of US infants receiving postnatal life support at 22 to 25 weeks’ gestation examines whether exposure to antenatal steroids is associated with survival to hospital discharge and survival without major morbidities.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183235. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3235
ONCOLOGY
Wing-Keen Yap, MD; Ming-Chieh Shih, MD, PhD; Chin Kuo, MD; et al.
This prognostic study develops and validates a nomogram to assess the probability of survival at 3, 6, and 12 months in patients from Taiwan with metastatic lung cancer who were referred for radiotherapy to treat osseous metastases.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183242. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3242
PEDIATRICS
Urbano L. França, PhD; Michael L. McManus, MD, MPH
This cohort study examines the outcomes of children transferred to high-capability hospitals for treatment of abdominal pain and appendicitis.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183249. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3249
PUBLIC HEALTH
Jenna Tucker, MPH; Tessa Fischer, DVM, MPH; Laurence Upjohn, PharmD; et al.
This quality improvement study examines trends across adulterated dietary supplements, containing unapproved ingredients, associated with US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warnings.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183337. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3337
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Invited Commentary
The FDA and Adulterated Supplements—Dereliction of Duty
Pieter A. Cohen, MD
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183329. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3329
HEALTH POLICY
Daniel J. Livorsi, MD, MSc; Cassie Cunningham Goedken, MPH; Michael Sauder, PhD; et al.
This qualitative study examines the use and barriers to use of audit-and-feedback programs that use direct observation to assess hand hygiene compliance in acute care hospitals.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183344. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3344
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Invited Commentary
Time to Implement Immediate Personalized Feedback and Individualized Action Planning for Hand Hygiene
Sheldon Paul Stone, BSc, MD, FRCP
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183422. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3422
NEPHROLOGY
Jennifer K. Carroll, MD, MPH; Gerald Pulver, PhD; L. Miriam Dickinson, PhD; et al.
This cluster randomized clinical trial compares clinical decision support with vs without practice facilitation to improve treatment of chronic kidney disease in primary care as measured by annualized loss of estimated glomerular filtration rate.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183377. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3377
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Invited Commentary
The Promise and Pitfalls of Pragmatic Clinical Trials for Improving Health Care Quality
Nancy Haff, MD; Niteesh K. Choudhry, MD, PhD
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183376. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3376
HEALTH INFORMATICS
Maxwell Taggart, BS; Wendy W. Chapman, PhD; Benjamin A. Steinberg, MD, MHS; et al.
This diagnostic study compares a rules-based natural language processing (NLP) model with a machine learning (ML) model to detect bleeding events among patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) using clinical notes.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183451. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3451
NEUROLOGY
Mari Carmen Torres-Moreno, PhD; Esther Papaseit, MD, PhD; Marta Torrens, MD, PhD; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis of 17 randomized clinical trials including 3161 patients examines the association of efficacy and tolerability of cannabinoids with spasticity, pain, and bladder dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183485. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3485
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Invited Commentary
Cannabinoids for Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis: Benefits to Patients Still Unclear
Marissa Slaven, MD; Oren Levine, MD, MSc
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183484. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3484
HEALTH POLICY
Zachary Bouck, MPH; Jacob Ferguson; Noah M. Ivers, MD, PhD; et al.
This cohort study measures physician-level use rates of 4 low-value screening tests in primary care—repeated dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, electrocardiograms (ECGs), Papanicolaou (Pap) tests, and chest radiographs—to investigate the characteristics of primary care physicians who frequently order low-value care.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183506. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3506
HEALTH POLICY
Nihar R. Desai, MD, MPH; Lesli S. Ott, MA; Elizabeth J. George, MPH; et al.
This cross-sectional study investigates the association between hospital-level 30-day risk-standardized mortality rates and 30-day risk-standardized payments for acute myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure, and pneumonia among Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183519. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3519
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Invited Commentary
Measuring and Improving the Value of Hospital Care
Peter W. Groeneveld, MD, MS
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183517. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3517
EMERGENCY MEDICINE
Matthew J. Niedzwiecki, PhD; Pranav J. Sharma, AB; Hemal K. Kanzaria, MD, MSc; et al.
This case-control study examines factors associated with higher emergency department (ED) use among US patients with vs without mental health diagnoses.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183528. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3528
SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION
Karma McKelvey, PhD; Mike Baiocchi, PhD; Bonnie Halpern-Felsher, PhD
This survey study examines the perceptions of risk from and use of pod-based electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among adolescents and young adults.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183535. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3535
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Invited Commentary
Pod Mod Electronic Cigarettes—An Emerging Threat to Public Health
Tory R. Spindle, PhD; Thomas Eissenberg, PhD
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183518. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3518
RHEUMATOLOGY
Kristin Waldenlind, MD; Saedis Saevarsdottir, MD, PhD; Camilla Bengtsson, PhD; et al.
This register-based case-control and cohort study estimates the risk of thyroxine-treated autoimmune thyroid disease among Swedish patients with rheumatoid arthritis at different time points before and after the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183567. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3567
GERIATRICS
Qiushan Tao, MD; Ting Fang Alvin Ang, MD; Charles DeCarli, MD; et al.
This population-based cohort study uses data from the Framingham Heart Study offspring cohort to study the interaction between the apolipoprotein E genotype and chronic low-grade inflammation and its association with the incidence of Alzheimer disease.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183597. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3597
CARDIOLOGY
Kyle Mandsager, MD; Serge Harb, MD; Paul Cremer, MD; et al.
This study assesses the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and long-term mortality in adults undergoing exercise treadmill testing.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183605. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3605
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Editorial
Physical Activity, Fitness, and Cardiovascular Health: Insights From Publications in JAMA Network Open
Steven M. Bradley, MD, MPH; Erin D. Michos, MD, MHS; Michael D. Miedema, MD, MPH
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198343. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8343
PSYCHIATRY
A-La Park, MSc; Anja Gysin-Maillart, PhD; Thomas J. Müller, MD; et al.
This secondary analysis of the ASSIP randomized clinical trial compares the cost-effectiveness of a brief novel therapy vs usual care for preventing repeat suicide attempts among patients in Switzerland who had previously attempted suicide.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183680. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3680
HEALTH POLICY
Shih-Chuan Chou, MD, MPH; Suhas Gondi, BA; Olesya Baker, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study uses data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey emergency department (ED) subsample to characterize ED visits that risk denial of coverage by health insurers under retrospective diagnosis-based policies.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183731. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3731
SURGERY
Jared Knopman, MD; Thomas W. Link, MD, MS; Babak B. Navi, MD, MS; et al.
This cohort study uses data from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Project and a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries to examine how often after surgical evacuation nontraumatic subdural hematoma reaccumulates and necessitates repeated operation among older US adults.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183737. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3737
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Huong Q. McLean, PhD, MPH; Herve Caspard, MD, ScD; Marie R. Griffin, MD, MPH; et al.
This case-control study assesses the association of prior-season influenza vaccination with vaccine effectiveness by different vaccine types and influenza types and subtypes among US children aged 2 to 17 years.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183742. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3742
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Invited Commentary
Repeated Vaccination May Protect Children From Influenza Infection
Sarah Cobey, PhD
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183730. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3730
PSYCHIATRY
Rory Sheehan, MSc; André Strydom, PhD; Emma Brown, BSc; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis examines factors associated with focused psychotropic medication review and medication optimization.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183750. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3750
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Invited Commentary
Psychotropic Medication Review: Quo Vadit?
Burr Eichelman, MD, PhD; Anne Hartwig, JD, PhD
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183868. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3868
SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION
Tyler N. A. Winkelman, MD, MSc; Lindsay K. Admon, MD, MSc; Latasha Jennings, MPH; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample data from 2003 to 2015 to identify the frequency, outcomes, and cost of hospitalizations associated with amphetamine use in the United States.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183758. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3758
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Hayley C. Warsinske, PhD; Aditya M. Rao, BA; Flora M. F. Moreira, BS; et al.
This nested case-control study analyzes 3 independent cohorts to determine whether the 3-gene tuberculosis (TB) score can be a diagnostic tool throughout the course of TB disease and posttreatment residual inflammation by distinguishing individuals who progress to active TB vs those who do not, those with vs without active TB, and those with slower treatment response.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183779. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3779
GERIATRICS
Sharon Leitch, MBChB, PGDipGP; Paul Glue, MD; Andrew R. Gray, BA, BCom; et al.
This cross-sectional study of community-dwelling New Zealanders 65 years and older examines the association between loneliness and psychosocial variables in centenarians compared with elderly people.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183880. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3880
GLOBAL HEALTH
Rachel Novotny, PhD, RDN; James Davis, PhD; Jean Butel, PhD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial evaluates the effect of an intervention that aims to prevent young child overweight and obesity and to improve health in the US-Affiliated Pacific region via the Children’s Healthy Living Program.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183896. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3896
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Sara Y. Tartof, PhD, MPH; Jennifer L. Kuntz, PhD, MS; Lie H. Chen, DrPH, MSPH; et al.
This cohort study develops 2 clinical risk scores based on variables available at clinical presentation to estimate the risk of carbapenem resistance or extensive β-lactam resistance among hospitalized adult patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183927. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3927
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Nathan N. O’Hara, MHA; Andrew N. Pollak, MD; Christopher J. Welsh, MD; et al.
This cohort study examines the proportion of injured workers’ compensation claimants who filled an opioid prescription beyond 90 days from their time of injury and the factors associated with persistent opioid use.
JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e184050. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.4050