CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
Chanu Rhee, MD, MPH; Travis M. Jones, PharmD; Yasir Hamad, MD; et al.
This cohort study uses medical records to estimate the prevalence, underlying causes, and preventability of sepsis-associated mortality among adults in 6 US acute care hospitals.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e187571. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7571
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Invited Commentary
A Closer Look at Sepsis-Associated Mortality
Laura Evans, MD, MSc
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e187565. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7565
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Minh-Vu H. Nguyen, MD, MSc; Natalie S. Levy, MPH; Shama D. Ahuja, PhD, MPH; et al.
This cross-sectional study compares the occurrence, clinical presentation, radiographic findings, demographics, and comorbidities in adult patients with culture-negative vs culture-positive pulmonary tuberculosis.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e187617. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7617
SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION
Qiushi Chen, PhD; Marc R. Larochelle, MD, MPH; Davis T. Weaver, BS; et al.
This system dynamics (mathematical) model projects effects of interventions to lower prescription opioid misuse on opioid overdose deaths from 2016 to 2025.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e187621. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7621
ONCOLOGY
Alexander P. Cole, MD; David-Dan Nguyen; Akezhan Meirkhanov; et al.
This cohort study uses data from the National Cancer Database to assess the association between receipt of treatment at minority-serving vs non–minority-serving hospitals and use of palliative care among racial/ethnic minorities with cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e187633. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7633
PEDIATRICS
Robert D. Cartwright, BSc; Caroline A. Crowther, MD; Peter J. Anderson, PhD; et al.
This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial evaluates whether fetal growth restriction is associated with the effects of repeated doses of antenatal betamethasone on neurocognitive function in a cohort of children followed up in midchildhood.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e187636. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7636
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Joost Hopman, MD; Corianne Meijer, MSc; Nikki Kenters, BSc; et al.
This case series study assesses risk after the identification of an unexpected, severe, and lethal hospital-acquired infection caused by carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a carbapenemase-low endemic setting in the Netherlands.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e187665. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7665
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Invited Commentary
Contamination of Hospital Plumbing: A Source or a Sink for Antibiotic-Resistant Organisms?
Evan S. Snitkin, PhD
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e187660. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7660
HEALTH INFORMATICS
Timothy J. Daskivich, MD, MSHPM; Justin Houman, MD; Mayra Lopez, MPH; et al.
This cohort study among patients undergoing major surgery defines the distribution of digitally measured daily step counts after major inpatient surgical procedures, assesses the accuracy of physician assessment and ordering of ambulation, and quantifies the association of digitally measured step count with postoperative length of stay in the hospital.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e187673. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7673
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Invited Commentary
The Rise of Wearable Technology in Health Care
Thomas M. Krummel, MD
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e187672. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7672
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
Richard Grieve, PhD; Stephen O’Neill, PhD; Anirban Basu, PhD; et al.
This cohort study uses an instrumental variable method to assess heterogeneity and reports estimated person-centered treatment effects of intensive care unit (ICU) transfer with 28-day hospital mortality by age and illness severity among deteriorating ward patients.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e187704. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7704
ONCOLOGY
Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska, MD, PhD, MHSc; Sungyoung Auh, PhD; Marvin Gershengorn, MD; et al.
This cohort study investigates the association between thyrotropin suppression and survival outcomes in patients with intermediate- and high-risk differentiated thyroid cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e187754. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7754
ONCOLOGY
Lauren J. Beesley, PhD; Todd M. Morgan, MD; Daniel E. Spratt, MD; et al.
This cohort study uses Bayesian multistate models for a unified statistical approach to compare the association of surgery and radiotherapy with both metastatic clinical failure and survival in men with localized prostate cancer and develops an online calculator for individualized treatment-specific outcome prediction.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e187765. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7765
SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION
Kaitlyn M. Berry, MPH; Jessica L. Fetterman, PhD; Emelia J. Benjamin, MD, ScM; et al.
This cohort study evaluates whether prior use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and other tobacco products by US youths is associated with subsequent initation of cigarette smoking.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e187794. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7794
NEUROLOGY
Carlo Alberto Artusi, MD; Alok K. Dwivedi, PhD; Alberto Romagnolo, MD; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis examines research articles indexed in PubMed on the genetic mutations in Parkinson disease and their response to subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation treatment.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e187800. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7800
HEALTH POLICY
Jeremiah D. Schuur, MD, MHS; Hannah Decker, BA; Olesya Baker, PhD
This cross-sectional study compares physician organization–affiliated political action committee (PAC) campaign contributions with US House of Representatives and Senate candidate stance on firearm safety policies to examine whether physician organization endorsement of firearm safety policies is associated with contribution patterns.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e187831. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7831
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Invited Commentary
Money, Politics, and Firearm Safety: Physician Political Action Committees in the Era of “This is Our Lane”
Rebecca M. Cunningham, MD; Marc A. Zimmerman, PhD; Patrick M. Carter, MD
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e187823. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7823
SURGERY
Yu-Ting Cheng, MD; Chi-Tung Cheng, MD; Shang-Yu Wang, MD; et al.
This cohort study uses propensity score matching to compare long-term outcomes of thoracic endovascular aortic repair vs open repair for the treatment of traumatic aortic injury in patients in Taiwan.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e187861. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7861
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Invited Commentary
The Evolution of Endovascular Treatment for Traumatic Thoracic Aortic Injury
Nicholas Osborne, MD, MS; Danielle Christine Sutzko, MD, MS
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e187875. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7875
NEPHROLOGY
D. Alan Nelson, MPAS, PhD; Eric S. Marks, MD; Patricia A. Deuster, PhD, MPH; et al.
This cohort study evaluates the association between use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and incident acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease in US Army soldiers.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e187896. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7896
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
Qi Zhao, MD; Shanshan Li, PhD; Micheline S. Z. S. Coelho, PhD; et al.
This time-stratified case-crossover study examines the association between timing of heat exposure and risk of hospitalization in the Brazilian population.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e187901. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7901
HEALTH POLICY
Amol S. Navathe, MD, PhD; Kevin G. Volpp, MD, PhD; Kristen L. Caldarella, MHA; et al.
This randomized clinical trial and cohort study tests whether increasing bonus size or adding the behavioral economic principles of social pressure or loss aversion improves the effectiveness of pay-for-performance among a sample of physicians and their patients.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e187950. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7950
CARDIOLOGY
Tracie C. Collins, MD, MPH, MHCDS; Liuqiang Lu, MS; Jasjit S. Ahluwalia, MD, MPH, MS; et al.
This randomized clinical trial assesses whether provision of educational materials with motivational interviewing or with Patient-Centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise improves walking performance in African American patients with peripheral artery disease.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e187959. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7959
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Audio:
Community-Based Exercise Therapy Among African American Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease; Use of Prescription Opioids and Initiation of Fatal 2-Vehicle Crashes
ONCOLOGY
Amar U. Kishan, MD; Audrey Dang, MD; Alan J. Katz, MD, JD; et al.
This cohort study of pooled individual patient data assesses long-term outcomes after stereotactic body radiotherapy for low-risk and intermediate-risk prostate cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e188006. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.8006
CARDIOLOGY
Olusola A. Orimoloye, MD, MPH; Mohammadhassan Mirbolouk, MD; S. M. Iftekhar Uddin, MBBS, MSPH; et al.
This population-based cohort study of US adults from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) assesses the degree of correlation between self-rated health and coronary artery calcium and whether these measures are complementary for their association with risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD).
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e188023. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.8023
OPHTHALMOLOGY
Yuka Kihara, MS; Tjebo F. C. Heeren, MD; Cecilia S. Lee, MD, MS; et al.
This cross-sectional study develops deep-learning algorithms to estimate retinal sensitivity from optical coherence tomographic scans in patients with macular telangiectasia type 2.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e188029. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.8029
PSYCHIATRY
Afton L. Hassett, PsyD; Joseph A. Fisher, PhD; Loryana L. Vie, PhD; et al.
This longitudinal cohort study examines the association between predeployment factors and the onset of new pain after deployment in US Army soldiers.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e188076. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.8076
PUBLIC HEALTH
Stanford Chihuri, MPH; Guohua Li, MD, DrPH
This pair-matched study assesses whether driver use of prescription opioids is associated with crash initiation in fatal 2-vehicle crashes.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e188081. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.8081
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Audio:
Community-Based Exercise Therapy Among African American Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease; Use of Prescription Opioids and Initiation of Fatal 2-Vehicle Crashes
DIABETES AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
Helena Mendes-Soares, PhD; Tali Raveh-Sadka, PhD; Shahar Azulay, BSc; et al.
This cohort study using a personalized predictive model describes and predicts the glycemic responses of individuals without diabetes to a diverse array of foods using a model that considers the physiology and microbiome of the individual in addition to the characteristics of the foods consumed.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e188102. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.8102
GERIATRICS
Fuzhong Li, PhD; Peter Harmer, PhD, MPH; Elizabeth Eckstrom, MD, MPH; et al.
This follow-up analysis of a randomized clinical trial compares the effectiveness of tai ji quan, multimodal exercises, and stretching exercise interventions for older adults at high risk of falling.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e188280. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.8280
HEALTH POLICY
Alexander Kutz, MD; Lara Gut, MD; Fahim Ebrahimi, MD; et al.
This cohort study examines hospitalization and patient outcomes data of hospitalized adult patients before and after the implementation of the diagnosis-related group reimbursement system in Switzerland.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e188332. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.8332
NUTRITION, OBESITY, AND EXERCISE
Justin Yang, MD, MPH; Costas A. Christophi, PhD; Andrea Farioli, MD, PhD; et al.
This cohort study investigates the association between participants’ capacity to complete push-ups at baseline and cardiovascular disease events during 10 years of follow-up.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e188341. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.8341
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Editorial
Physical Activity, Fitness, and Cardiovascular Health: Insights From Publications in JAMA Network Open
Steven M. Bradley, MD, MPH; Erin D. Michos, MD, MHS; Michael D. Miedema, MD, MPH
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198343. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8343
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
Sara R. Piva, PT, PhD, OCS; Michael J. Schneider, DC, PhD; Charity G. Moore, PhD, MSPH; et al.
This randomized clinical trial compares the effectiveness of later-stage exercise programs of clinic-based physical therapy exercise or community-based group exercise vs usual care after total knee replacement and explores heterogeneity of treatment effects.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e190018. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.0018
HEALTH POLICY
Luis C. Garcia, MS; Sukyung Chung, PhD; Lily Liao, MS; et al.
This population-based survey study uses data from 149 775 patient surveys to compare patient satisfaction scores for Asian physicians relative to non-Hispanic white physicians.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e190027. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.0027
IMMUNOLOGY
Melanie D. Whittington, PhD; R. Brett McQueen, PhD; Daniel A. Ollendorf, PhD; et al.
This survival and cost-effectiveness analysis study uses survival curves from the ZUMA-1 trial (Safety and Efficacy of KTE-C19 in Adults With Refractory Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma) to estimate long-term survival and cost-effectiveness associated with axicabtagene ciloleucel, a chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, vs chemotherapy for treatment of relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma in adults.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e190035. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.0035
SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION
Mathew V. Kiang, ScD; Sanjay Basu, MD, PhD; Jarvis Chen, ScD; et al.
This cross-sectional study uses data from the National Center for Health Statistics to identify changes in the geographical distribution of opioid-related mortality across the United States by opioid type.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e190040. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.0040
GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
Matthew J. Klebanoff, BA; Kathleen E. Corey, MD, MPH, MMSc; Sumeyye Samur, PhD; et al.
This economic evaluation study uses a simulation model to assess the cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgery in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and compensated cirrhosis who have varying baseline weight.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e190047. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.0047
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Invited Commentary
Considering Bariatric Surgery in Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis—Worth the Risk
Seth A. Waits, MD; Kyle H. Sheetz, MD, MSc; Amir A. Ghaferi, MD, MS
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e190053. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.0053
ORTHOPEDICS
Bryon Jun Xiong Teo, MBBS, MRCSEd; Joyce Suang Bee Koh, FRCS; Lei Jiang, MRCS; et al.
This cohort study of patients in Singapore undergoing total knee arthroplasty compares preoperative disability and postoperative function, as measured by the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, with patient satisfaction 2 years after total knee arthroplasty.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e190062. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.0062
PULMONARY MEDICINE
Michael Furian, PhD; Mona Lichtblau, MD; Sayaka S. Aeschbacher, MMS; et al.
This randomized clinical trial examines the effect of dexamethasone therapy on nocturnal oxygenation in lowlanders with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who travel to a high altitude.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e190067. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.0067
ONCOLOGY
Lauren C. Houghton, PhD; Julia A. Knight, PhD; Ying Wei, PhD; et al.
This cohort study evaluates the association of prepubertal androgen concentrations with timing of breast development in girls with or without a family history of breast cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e190083. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.0083
NUTRITION, OBESITY, AND EXERCISE
Elizabeth H. Kerling, MS, RD; Jamie M. Hilton, MS, RD; Jocelynn M. Thodosoff, MS, RD; et al.
This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial evaluates the risks and advantages of exposure to docosahexaenoic acid in utero for young children who are obese or overweight.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e190088. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.0088
SURGERY
Bheeshma Ravi, MD, PhD; Daniel Pincus, MD; Stephen Choi, MD, MSc; et al.
This population-based cohort study examines whether prolonged surgical times and type of anesthesia are associated with an increased risk of postoperative delirium among elderly patients with hip fracture.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e190111. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.0111
ONCOLOGY
Masaki Shiota, MD, PhD; Shintaro Narita, MD, PhD; Shusuke Akamatsu, MD, PhD; et al.
This prognostic study investigates the significance of missense polymorphism in the HSD3B1 gene among men treated with primary androgen-deprivation therapy or abiraterone for prostate cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2):e190115. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.0115