GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
Elizabeth A. McGlynn, PhD; John L. Adams, PhD; Jason Kramer, MS; et al.
This cohort study evaluates adverse events in patients with hepatitis C virus who are receiving direct-acting antiviral medications.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e194765. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.4765
SURGERY
Peter C. Minneci, MD, MHSc; Jennifer N. Cooper, MS, PhD; Karen Leonhart, BS; et al.
This randomized clinical trial evaluates the effects of a patient activation tool vs standard consultation on decision making and patient-centered outcomes among pediatric patients with appendicitis and their caregivers who choose surgery or nonoperative management.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e195009. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5009
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Invited Commentary
Shared Decision Making in Appendicitis Treatment: Optimized, Standardized, or Usual Communication
Lindsay Sceats, MD; Cindy Kin, MD, MS; Arden M. Morris, MD, MPH
JAMA Netw Open
EMERGENCY MEDICINE
Christoph Becker, MD; Leopold Lecheler, MD; Seraina Hochstrasser, MD; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses the association of communication interventions about do-not-resuscitate code status with patient decisions and knowledge about cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e195033. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5033
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Invited Commentary
Time to Change From Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders to Emergency Care Treatment Plans
Gavin D. Perkins, MD, FRCP, FFICM; Zoe Fritz, PhD, FRCP
JAMA Netw Open
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Niyati M. Gupta, MD; Peter K. Lindenauer, MD, MSc; Pei-Chun Yu, MS; et al.
This cohort study uses data from the Premier Healthcare Database to compare the causes, treatment, and outcomes in patients hopitalized with community-acquired pneumonia with and without alcohol use disorder.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e195172. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5172
HEALTH POLICY
Laura G. Burke, MD, MPH; Dhruv Khullar, MD, MPP; Jie Zheng, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study compares the 30-day costs of care for common conditions among US Medicare beneficiaries by hospital teaching status.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e195229. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5229
ONCOLOGY
Ferrán Catalá-López, PhD; Jaume Forés-Martos, MSc; Jane A. Driver, MD; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the association of anorexia nervosa with the cancer incidence and mortality among study populations with anorexia nervosa compared with the general population or those without anorexia nervosa.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e195313. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5313
CARDIOLOGY
Sergio H. R. Ramalho, MD; Mario Santos, MD; Brian Claggett, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study of data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study quantifies the association of undifferentiated dyspnea with cardiac dysfunction in older adults.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e195321. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5321
GENETICS AND GENOMICS
Catherine Chanfreau-Coffinier, PhD; Leland E. Hull, MD, MPH; Julie A. Lynch, RN, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study uses 1000 Genomes Project data and US Veterans Health Administration demographic characteristics to project the number of veterans who carry an actionable pharmacogenetic variant and who have been prescribed 1 or more level A drugs that have well-established evidence of pharmacogenetic interactions.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e195345. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5345
PSYCHIATRY
Catherine L. Dempsey, PhD; David M. Benedek, MD; Kelly L. Zuromski, PhD; et al.
This case-control study uses data from the Soldier Health Outcomes Study conducted as part of the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS) to evaluate whether increased accessibility to firearms is associated with an increased risk of suicide among US Army soldiers.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e195383. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5383
HEALTH POLICY
Jenny S. Guadamuz, MS; G. Caleb Alexander, MD, MS; Tanya Chaudhri, PharmD; et al.
This survey study investigates the availability of naloxone nasal spray at pharmacies in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 3 years after the implementation of a statewide standing order allowing pharmacies to dispense naloxone without a physician’s prescription.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e195388. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5388
RHEUMATOLOGY
Kulveer Mankia, DM, MRCP; Zijian Cheng, PhD; Thuy Do, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study estimates the prevalence of periodontal disease and citrullinating periodontopathic bacteria in individuals who test positive for anti–cyclic citrullinated protein (anti-CCP) antibody without rheumatoid arthritis compared with groups of healthy control participants and patients with early rheumatoid arthritis.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e195394. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5394
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
Raghavan Murugan, MD, MS, FRCP; Samantha J. Kerti, MS; Chung-Chou H. Chang, PhD; et al.
This secondary analysis of the Randomized Evaluation of Normal vs Augmented Level (RENAL) of Renal Replacement Therapy trial examines the association of net ultrafiltration with survival among critically ill patients with acute kidney injury being treated with continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e195418. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5418
PSYCHIATRY
Sofie Westling, MD, PhD; Daiva Daukantaitė, PhD; Sophie I. Liljedahl, PhD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial determines the effects of brief admission to hospital by self-referral vs usual treatment on inpatient service use, daily life functioning, nonsuicidal self-injuries, and attempted suicide among Swedish adults who self-harm and are at risk of suicide.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e195463. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5463
HEALTH POLICY
Emily C. B. Brown, MD, MS; Michelle M. Garrison, PhD, MPH; Hao Bao, PhD; et al.
This ecological study evaluates whether US Medicaid expansion was associated with state-level changes in physical abuse and neglect rates among children younger than 6 years compared with states that opted out of Medicaid expansion.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e195529. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5529
ONCOLOGY
Chun Chao, PhD; Smita Bhatia, MD; Lanfang Xu, MS; et al.
This cohort study estimates the incidence, mortality, and associated risk factors for the development of second malignant neoplasms in individuals who survived adolescent and young adult cancers.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e195536. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5536
PSYCHIATRY
Itay Hadas, PhD; Yinming Sun, PhD; Pantelis Lioumis, PhD; et al.
This diagnostic study evaluates subgenual cingulate cortex hyperactivity in patients with major depressive disorder before and after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment compared with a group of healthy controls.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e195578. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5578
HEALTH INFORMATICS
Allison Park, BA; Chris Chute, BS; Pranav Rajpurkar, MS; et al.
This diagnostic study investigates the use of a neural network segmentation model to assist clinicians in the detection of intracranial aneurisms.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e195600. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5600
PEDIATRICS
Cheryl H. T. Chow, PhD; Ayesha Rizwan, BHSc (Honours); Richard Xu, BSc (Honours); et al.
This systemic review and meta-analysis evaluates the associations of temperament with preoperative anxiety in pediatric patients aged 18 years and younger undergoing surgery.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e195614. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5614
PUBLIC HEALTH
Briana Mezuk, PhD; Tomohiro M. Ko, MPH; Viktoryia A. Kalesnikava, MPH, MSW, MA; et al.
This cross-sectional epidemiologic study of deaths in the US National Violent Death Reporting System (2003-2015) estimates the number of suicides associated with residential long-term care among adults 55 and older and identifies whether machine learning tools could improve the quality of suicide surveillance data.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e195627. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5627
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Invited Commentary
Suicide in Long-term Care Facilities—The Exception or the Norm?
Yoram Barak, MD, MHA; Chris Gale, BHB, MB, ChB, MPH, FRANZCP
JAMA Netw Open
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Ci Song, MD; Jun Lv, MD; Yao Liu, MD; et al.
This population-based cohort study examines the associations between chronic hepatitis B virus infection and risk of all cancer types among Chinese adults.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e195718. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5718
PEDIATRICS
Dimitri A. Christakis, MD, MPH; Sarah J. Lowry, PhD; Georgia Goldberg; et al.
This pre-post study evaluates whether the Talk It Up intervention for parents of children aged 2 to 12 months, which uses direct coaching and a smartphone app, is associated with improvements in adult word counts, parent-child conversational turns, child vocalization counts, and language development.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e195738. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5738
CARDIOLOGY
Marko P. O. Virtanen, MD; Markku Eskola, MD, PhD; Maina P. Jalava, MD; et al.
This comparative effectiveness cohort study examines 30-day and 3-year survival among Finnish patients with aortic stenosis at low operative risk who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement compared with surgical aortic valve replacement.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e195742. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5742
OPHTHALMOLOGY
Jasmina Cehajic-Kapetanovic, FRCOphth, PhD; Johannes Birtel, MD, MBA; Michelle E. McClements, PhD; et al.
This case series characterizes the clinical phenotype and molecular genetic variations in patients with retinal degeneration and PROM1 sequence variations.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e195752. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5752
NEUROLOGY
Sana Suri, DPhil; Anya Topiwala, DPhil, MD; Michael A. Chappell, DPhil; et al.
This longitudinal cohort study examines the association of midlife cardiovascular risk factors with cerebral perfusion at older ages among adults without dementia.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e195776. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5776
ONCOLOGY
Pengxiang Li, PhD; Jordan Jahnke, MS; Amy R. Pettit, PhD; et al.
This cohort study compares overall and disease-specific survival associated with targeted vs nontargeted therapy in elderly patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who are enrolled in Medicare.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e195806. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5806
HEALTH INFORMATICS
Sana Syed, MD, MS; Mohammad Al-Boni, PhD; Marium N. Khan, MD; et al.
This diagnostic study assesses a convolutional neural network to enhance the detection of pathologic morphological features in duodenal tissue among children with environmental enteropathy, celiac disease, and no disease.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e195822. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5822
SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION
Daniel B. Rosoff, BA, BS; Katrin Charlet, PhD; Jeesun Jung, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines the associations of high-intensity binge drinking with changes in levels of serum lipids and liver function enzymes.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e195844. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5844
PUBLIC HEALTH
Daniel K. Onion, MD, MPH; Roderick E. Prior, MD; N. Burgess Record, MD; et al.
This cross-sectional study estimates mortality and smoking rates in a rural county in Maine 5 to 10 years after reductions in a countywide set of interventions designed to address behavioral and medical risk factors.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e195877. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5877
CARDIOLOGY
Hidenori Yaku, MD; Takao Kato, MD; Takeshi Morimoto, MD, MPH; et al.
This cohort study of Japanese participants with acute decompensated heart failure in the Kyoto Congestive Heart Failure study evaluates the association of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist use with all-cause mortality and hospital readmission.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e195892. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5892
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Audio:
Rate of Memory Change Before and After Cancer Diagnosis; Association of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Use With Mortality and Readmission in Heart Failure
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
Regan L. Bailey, PhD, MPH, RD; Susan G. Pac, MS, RD; Victor L. Fulgoni III, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study uses data from the 2001-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to estimate total usual nutrient intakes from foods and dietary supplements of pregnant women.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e195967. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5967
PSYCHIATRY
Hannah J. Jones, PhD; Leon Hubbard, PhD; Ruth E. Mitchell, PhD; et al.
This cohort study investigates whether genomic risk for rheumatoid arthritis is associated with cognitive and psychiatric symptoms in children and adolescents.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e196118. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6118
NEUROLOGY
Rachel G. Zsido, BA; Matthias Heinrich; George M. Slavich, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study of a German population-based cohort assesses whether visceral adipose fat moderates the association between age and brain network structure and whether estradiol moderates the association between visceral adipose fat and brain network structure.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e196126. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6126
NEUROLOGY
Monica Ospina-Romero, MD; Ekland Abdiwahab, MPH; Lindsay Kobayashi, PhD, MSc; et al.
This cohort study compares long-term memory changes before and after incident cancer diagnoses in US adults compared with similarly aged adults without a diagnosis of cancer.
has audio
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e196160. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6160
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Audio:
Rate of Memory Change Before and After Cancer Diagnosis; Association of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Use With Mortality and Readmission in Heart Failure
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Invited Commentary
More Evidence of an Inverse Association Between Cancer and Alzheimer Disease
Olivia I. Okereke, MD, SM; Mary-Ellen Meadows, PhD
JAMA Netw Open
Abstract
Full Text
pdf link PDF
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Audio:
Rate of Memory Change Before and After Cancer Diagnosis; Association of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Use With Mortality and Readmission in Heart Failure
HEALTH POLICY
Mark Linzer, MD; Sara Poplau, BA; Kriti Prasad, BA; et al.
This cohort study uses data from the US Healthy Work Place study to examine characteristics of health care organizations that are associated with clinician trust in the organization.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e196201. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6201
SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION
Minji Sohn, PhD; Jeffery C. Talbert, PhD; Zhengyan Huang, PhD; et al.
This population-based cohort study examines the rates of naloxone coprescription since implementation of state laws mandating coprescription for persons at risk for opioid overdose.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e196215. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6215
HEALTH POLICY
Piotr Ozieranski, PhD; Marcell Csanadi, MSc; Emily Rickard, MRes; et al.
This cross-sectional analysis of the Disclosure UK database examines the concentration and patterns of drug company payments to health care organizations in the United Kingdom.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e196253. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6253
SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION
John R. Knight, MD; Lon Sherritt, MPH; Erin Bray Gibson, MPH; et al.
This pilot randomized clinical trial assesses the feasibility and acceptability of a computer-facilitated screening questionnaire for substance use and practitioner-delivered brief intervention vs usual care among youths at primary care clinics.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e196258. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6258
OPHTHALMOLOGY
Andrew Bastawrous, BSc (Hons), MRCOphth, PhD; Wanjiku Mathenge, PhD; John Nkurikiye, MD; et al.
This secondary analysis of the Nakura Eye Disease Cohort Study estimates the 6-year cumulative incidence of visually impairing cataracts among older adults in Kenya.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e196354. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6354
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
Giovanna L. Pozuelos, MS; Meenakshi S. Kagda, PhD; Suzaynn Schick, PhD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial compares changes in the transcriptome of the human nasal epithelium in healthy, nonsmoking women who were first exposed to clean air and later exposed to thirdhand smoke.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e196362. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6362
SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION
Rebecca L. Haffajee, JD, PhD, MPH; Lewei Allison Lin, MD, MS; Amy S. B. Bohnert, PhD, MHS; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines characteristics of US counties with persistently high rates of opioid overdose mortality and low capacity to deliver medications for opioid use disorder.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e196373. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6373
PUBLIC HEALTH
Frederick J. Zimmerman, PhD; Nathaniel W. Anderson, BA
This survey study uses data from over 5.4 million US working-aged adults to assess trends in health equity and health justice by sex, race/ethnicity, and income across the past 25 years.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e196386. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6386
PEDIATRICS
Romuladus E. Azuine, DrPH, MPH, RN; Yuelong Ji, PhD; Hsing-Yuan Chang, MD, MPH; et al.
This cohort study examines the prenatal risk factors and perinatal and postnatal outcomes associated with maternal opioid use during pregnancy.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e196405. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6405
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Invited Commentary
Maternal and Child Health After Prenatal Opioid Exposure
Susan Brogly, PhD, MSc
JAMA Netw Open
GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
Eric S. Orman, MD, MSCR; Anna Roberts, MIS; Marwan Ghabril, MD; et al.
This cohort study examines changes in the demographic and clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed cirrhosis.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e196412. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6412
EMERGENCY MEDICINE
Charles Courtemanche, PhD; Andrew I. Friedson, PhD; Daniel I. Rees, PhD
This case-control study of emergency medical service dispatch data in New York, New York, examines changes in dispatches of ambulance transports for minor injuries compared with other injuries before and after the implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e196419. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6419
CARDIOLOGY
Ben Corden, PhD; Julian Jarman, MD; Nicola Whiffin, PhD; et al.
This cohort study investigates the association of titin-truncating genetic variants with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in adult patients with dilated cardiomyopathy who have implanted cardiac defibrillators or cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e196520. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6520
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
Meng Wang, PhD; Zhi-Hui Hou, MD; Hao Xu, PhD; et al.
This population-based cross-sectional study of 8867 Chinese participants examines the association of long-term exposure to air pollution and proximity to traffic with the coronary artery calcium score, a marker for coronary atherosclerosis.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e196553. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6553
PSYCHIATRY
Alex S. F. Kwong, MSc; José A. López-López, PhD; Gemma Hammerton, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines the differential associations of genetic and environmental risk factors with trajectories of depression symptoms among individuals observed from ages 10 to 24 years in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e196587. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6587