PSYCHIATRY
Elizabeth J. Gifford, PhD; Lindsey Eldred Kozecke, JD; Megan Golonka, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines whether parental incarceration is associated with increased levels of psychiatric diagnosis and poor outcomes among young adults.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e1910005. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.10005
GERIATRICS
Ayesha A. Javed, BSc; Alexandra J. Mayhew, MSc; Alison K. Shea, MD, PhD; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates results of 12 randomized clinical trials, comparing changes in lean body mass in 4474 postmenopausal women who were vs were not receiving estrogen-based hormone therapy.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e1910154. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.10154
PUBLIC HEALTH
Sarah E. Jackson, PhD; Emma Beard, PhD; Bernard Kujawski, PhD; et al.
This study compares estimates of changes in cigarette consumption in England between 2011 and 2018 using survey data from a nationally representative sample vs retail sales data.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e1910161. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.10161
SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION
Ajda Bedene, MPharm; Willem M. Lijfering, MD, PhD; Marieke Niesters, MD, PhD, MSc; et al.
This cohort study uses nationwide data to determine opioid prescription patterns and survey data to examine risk factors associated with opioid prescription in the Netherlands.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e1910223. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.10223
SURGERY
Julie A. Thompson-Burdine, BA; Dana A. Telem, MD, MPH; Jennifer F. Waljee, MD, MPH; et al.
This qualitative study describes female surgeons’ perceptions of factors promoting and hindering their professional success in an academic setting.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e1910228. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.10228
PSYCHIATRY
Tianyang Zhang, MSc; Anna Sidorchuk, MD, PhD; Laura Sevilla-Cermeño, MD; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the association between birth by cesarean delivery and risk of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in the offspring compared with birth by vaginal delivery.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e1910236. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.10236
PULMONARY MEDICINE
Marniker Wijesinha, PhD; Jon Mark Hirshon, MD, PhD; Michael Terrin, MD; et al.
This cohort study compares survival of US recipients of lung transplants receiving sirolimus plus tacrolimus vs standard maintenance therapy and evaluates which combination of induction and maintenance therapy is associated with the highest survival.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e1910297. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.10297
HEALTH POLICY
Shivan J. Mehta, MD, MBA, MSHP; Vikranth Induru, MD; David Santos, BA; et al.
This 3-arm pragmatic randomized clinical trial investigates response rates for offering colonoscopy only compared with sequential choice (colonoscopy and then fecal immunochemical testing) or active choice (colonoscopy or fecal immunochemical testing) through mailed outreach.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e1910305. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.10305
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Invited Commentary
You Should Get Screened for Colon Cancer, Really
Uri Ladabaum, MD, MS
JAMA Netw Open
NEPHROLOGY
S. Ali Husain, MD, MPH; Kristen L. King, MPH; Stephen Pastan, MD; et al.
This cohort study examines outcomes for wait-listed kidney transplant candidates after a transplant center’s refusal of a deceased donor kidney offer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e1910312. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.10312
GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
Liat Gutin, MD; Francis Yao, MD; Jennifer L. Dodge, MPH; et al.
This cohort study compares wait-list outcomes by insurance type for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma awaiting liver transplant.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e1910326. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.10326
HEALTH POLICY
Hannah T. Neprash, PhD; Michael L. Barnett, MD, MS
This cross-sectional study of physician behavior examines whether the order and lateness of primary care appointments is associated with opioid prescribing.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e1910373. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.10373
HEALTH INFORMATICS
Meliha Skaljic, BA; Ihsaan H. Patel, MPP; Amelia M. Pellegrini, BA; et al.
This cohort study applies natural language processing to narrative clinical notes obtained from electronic health records of a US academic health system to analyze the frequency of financial conversations during adult primary care visits.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e1910399. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.10399
ONCOLOGY
Marjorie Parker David, MD; Ashley Funderburg, MA; James P. Selig, PhD; et al.
This survey study collaborates with patients with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans through social media to evaluate sources of diagnostic delay, risk of recurrence, and flat presentation of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e1910413. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.10413
NUTRITION, OBESITY, AND EXERCISE
Natasha Wiebe, MMath, PStat; Peter Stenvinkel, MD, PhD; Marcello Tonelli, MD, SM, MSc
This population-based cohort study among Canadian adults examines how the associations of severe obesity with adverse outcomes may be modified by the presence of systemic inflammation and/or insulin resistance.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e1910456. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.10456
HEALTH POLICY
Marian S. Wettstein, MD; Karen S. Palmer, MPH, MS; Girish S. Kulkarni, MD, PhD; et al.
This population-based, interrupted time series study evaluates whether changes in hospital funding policy in Ontario, Canada, aimed at improving health care quality and value were associated with changes in the management of localized prostate cancer or the characteristics of patients receiving radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e1910505. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.10505
SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION
Matthew M. Engelhard, MD, PhD; Jason A. Oliver, PhD; Ricardo Henao, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study assesses the utility of deep learning for identifying environments and objects associated with smoking.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e197939. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.7939
GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
Takaki Yoshikawa, MD, PhD; Kei Muro, MD; Kohei Shitara, MD, PhD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial investigates the efficacy and safety of adding ramucirumab to first-line therapy with S-1 and oxaliplatin among East Asian adults with advanced gastric cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198243. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8243
CARDIOLOGY
Urho M. Kujala, MD, PhD; Jani P. Vaara, PhD; Heikki Kainulainen, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study of young Finnish men examines the associations of aerobic fitness and muscular strength with metabolome measures that are associated with cardiometabolic risks.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198265. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8265
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Editorial
Physical Activity, Fitness, and Cardiovascular Health: Insights From Publications in JAMA Network Open
Steven M. Bradley, MD, MPH; Erin D. Michos, MD, MHS; Michael D. Miedema, MD, MPH
JAMA Netw Open
PEDIATRICS
Yin Liu, MD, PhD; Chenue Abongwa, MD; Stephen Ashwal, MD; et al.
This cohort study investigates the rate of ophthalmology referral, the prevalence of visual sequelae, and the association between tumor characteristics and ophthalmologic diagnoses in pediatric patients with primary brain tumors.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198273. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8273
PUBLIC HEALTH
Molly M. Jeffery, PhD; W. Michael Hooten, MD; Anupam B. Jena, MD, PhD; et al.
This cohort study evaluates whether the 2016 release of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines for opioid prescribing was associated with changes in the rates of opioid and benzodiazepine coprescription among commercially insured patients and US Medicare Advantage beneficiaries.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198325. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8325
MEDICAL EDUCATION
Alexander Winkler-Schwartz, MD; Recai Yilmaz, MD; Nykan Mirchi, BSc; et al.
This case series study identifies surgical and operative factors selected by a machine learning algorithm to classify individuals by level of expertise in a virtual reality surgical procedure.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198363. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8363
CARDIOLOGY
Jacob A. Doll, MD; Mary E. Plomondon, PhD; Stephen W. Waldo, MD
This quality improvement study characterizes the content of cardiac catheterization peer reviews in the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Clinical Assessment, Reporting, and Tracking (CART) program.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198393. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8393
GERIATRICS
Richard Ofori-Asenso, MSc, PhD; Ken L. Chin, MClinPharm, PhD; Mohsen Mazidi, MSc, PhD; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis estimates the global incidence of frailty and prefrailty among community-dwelling adults 60 years or older.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198398. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8398
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Invited Commentary
The Dynamics of Frailty Among Older Adults
Steven M. Albert, PhD, MS
JAMA Netw Open
HEALTH POLICY
Harlan M. Krumholz, MD, SM; Frederick Warner, PhD; Andreas Coppi, PhD; et al.
This comparative effectiveness research study assesses whether using present on admission codes and single, rather than grouped, diagnostic codes can enhance Centers for Medicare & Medicaid (CMS) models to predict payment for hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and pneumonia.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198406. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8406
PSYCHIATRY
Alène Toulany, MD, MSc; Thérèse A. Stukel, PhD; Paul Kurdyak, MD, PhD; et al.
This population-based cohort study assesses the association between primary care continuity from pediatric to adult health care services during adolescence and outcomes in young adulthood for patients with severe mental illness in Ontario, Canada.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198415. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8415
GENETICS AND GENOMICS
Joanne Kotsopoulos, PhD; Elizabeth Hall, HBSc; Amy Finch, PhD; et al.
This cohort study evaluates the association of prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with bone mineral density loss among women with a BRCA mutation.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198420. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8420
IMAGING
Martha M. C. Elwenspoek, PhD; Athena L. Sheppard, MSc; Matthew D. F. McInnes, MD, PhD; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates whether magnetic resonance imaging combined with targeted biopsy is associated with improved detection of clinically significant prostate cancer compared with transrectal ultrasonography–guided systematic prostate biopsy alone.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198427. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8427
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Invited Commentary
The Evolving Paradigm of Prostate Cancer Screening
Peter C. Albertsen, MD, MS
JAMA Netw Open
HEALTH INFORMATICS
Kyle E. Knierim, MD; Tristen L. Hall, MPH; L. Miriam Dickinson, PhD; et al.
This quality improvement study evaluates time to reporting electronic clinical quality measures for US primary care practices.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198569. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8569
HEALTH POLICY
Ioana Popescu, MD, MPH; Kathryn R. Fingar, PhD, MPH; Eli Cutler, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines characteristics of safety-net hospitals as classified under 3 common definitions based on Medicare Disproportionate Share Hospital payments, Medicaid and uninsured caseload, and uncompensated care costs.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198577. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8577
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Invited Commentary
Refining the Definition of US Safety-Net Hospitals to Improve Population Health
Tyler N. A. Winkelman, MD, MSc; Katherine Diaz Vickery, MD, MSc
JAMA Netw Open
GERIATRICS
Aanand D. Naik, MD; Natalie E. Hundt, PhD; Elizabeth M. Vaughan, DO, MPH; et al.
This randomized clinical trial compares the effectiveness of telephone-delivered collaborative goal setting and behavioral activation vs enhanced usual care for depression symptoms among US veterans with uncontrolled diabetes.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198634. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8634
EMERGENCY MEDICINE
Anita A. Vashi, MD, MPH, MHS; Tracy Urech, MPH; Brendan Carr, MD, MS; et al.
This cross-sectional study identifies a set of emergency care–sensitive conditions to provide benchmark US national estimates of acute care utilization for these conditions.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198642. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8642
HEALTH POLICY
Luai Al Rabadi, MD; Michael LeBlanc, PhD; Taylor Bucy, BS; et al.
This cohort study evaluates and compares patterns of the use of medical aid in dying in Oregon and Washington State.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198648. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8648
PEDIATRICS
Maria Trent, MD, MPH; Jamie Perin, PhD; Charlotte A. Gaydos, MS, DrPH; et al.
This randomized clinical trial examines the efficacy of a technology-enhanced community health nursing intervention for improving pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) self-management and longitudinal prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198652. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8652
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
Sachin Yende, MD, MS; John A. Kellum, MD; Victor B. Talisa, MS; et al.
This multicenter cohort study of adults who have survived hospitalization for sepsis assesses whether abnormalities in the host immune response during hospitalization for sepsis persist after discharge.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198686. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8686
PSYCHIATRY
Vincent Chin-Hung Chen, MD, PhD; Hsiang-Lin Chan, MD; Shu-I Wu, MD, PhD; et al.
This nationwide cohort study in Taiwan evaluates whether attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with higher risk of mortality from all causes, suicide, unintentional injury, homicide, and natural causes.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198714. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8714
PULMONARY MEDICINE
Imon Banerjee, PhD; Miji Sofela, MS; Jaden Yang, MS; et al.
This diagnostic study evaluates whether a machine learning model, the Pulmonary Embolism Result Forecast Model (PERFORM), can compute a patient-specific risk score for pulmonary embolism as clinical decision support for computed tomography.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198719. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8719
HEALTH POLICY
Juarez R. Braga, MD; Howard Leong-Poi, MD; Valeria E. Rac, MD, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study investigates temporal trends in the use and costs of cardiac imaging for patients with heart failure in Canada and examines the association between the institution of an accreditation program and the use of echocardiography.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198766. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8766
ONCOLOGY
Ezgi Mercan, PhD; Sachin Mehta, MTech; Jamen Bartlett, MD; et al.
This diagnostic study evaluates computer vision methods to assist pathologists in diagnosing breast biopsy samples, from benign to invasive cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198777. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8777
CARDIOLOGY
Raluca I. Mincu, PhD; Amir A. Mahabadi, MD; Lars Michel, MD; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis determines the association of BRAF and MEK inhibitor treatment with cardiovascular adverse events in patients with melanoma compared with BRAF inhibitor monotherapy.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198890. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8890
DIABETES AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
Hartmut P. H. Neumann, MD; Uliana Tsoy, PhD; Irina Bancos, MD; et al.
This cohort study compares outcomes associated with cortical-sparing adrenalectomy vs total adrenalectomy for patients with bilateral pheochromocytomas.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198898. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8898
NEPHROLOGY
Richard V. Remigio, MPhil, MS; Chengsheng Jiang, PhD; Jochen Raimann, MD, PhD, MPH; et al.
This study examines the association of extreme heat events in 3 northeastern US cities with hospital admission and mortality among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198904. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8904
PEDIATRICS
Ahmed Elhakeem, PhD; Monika Frysz, PhD; Kate Tilling, PhD; et al.
This cohort study of healthy individuals in England who underwent repeated bone density scans from ages 10 to 25 years describes the association between the timing of puberty and bone mineral density.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198918. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8918
UROLOGY
Catherine S. Nam, MD; Akanksha Mehta, MD, MS; Jessica Hammett, MD; et al.
This cohort study uses the US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Provider Payments database to identify whether sex-based discrepancies exist in clinical practice, reimbursement payments, and geographic distributions in the urological specialty.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198956. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8956
PSYCHIATRY
Jennifer R. Gatchel, MD, PhD; Jennifer S. Rabin, PhD; Rachel F. Buckley, PhD; et al.
This cohort study investigates the longitudinal association between depressive symptoms, cognition, and cortical amyloid in unimpaired community-dwelling older adults in the Harvard Aging Brain Study.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198964. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8964
IMAGING
Ingo Stoffels, MD; Philipp Jansen, MD; Maximilian Petri, MD; et al.
This cross-sectional study evaluates use of nonradioactive multispectral optoacoustic tomographic vs lymphoscintigraphic imaging for biopsy of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with melanoma.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199020. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9020
ORTHOPEDICS
Nitin B. Jain, MD, MSPH; Gregory D. Ayers, MS; Helen Koudelková, MA, MA, CCRP; et al.
This is a trial protocol for the Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff trial, an ongoing randomized clinical trial to examine the effectiveness of operative vs nonoperative treatment for atraumatic rotator cuff tears, with patient-reported Shoulder Pain and Disability Index score as the primary outcome.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199050. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9050
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Annick Lenglet, MSc; Babette van Deursen, MSc; Rebecca Viana, MSc; et al.
This quality improvement study uses a novel data collection and visualization tool to audit hand hygiene adherence before and after training among health care workers in low-resource settings at 2 hospitals in Nigeria.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199118. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9118
ONCOLOGY
Sung Jun Ma, MD; Oluwadamilola T. Oladeru, MD; Joseph A. Miccio, MD; et al.
This cohort study evaluates the ideal timing of adjuvant therapy for patients with stage I to II resected pancreatic cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199126. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9126
HEALTH POLICY
Lauren G. Gilstrap, MD, MPH; Michael E. Chernew, PhD; Christina A. Nguyen, AB; et al.
This cross-sectional analysis examines the associations among clinical practice group performance on quality measures, including process measures, disease control measures, and utilization-based outcomes, among adults treated for diabetes.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199139. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9139
ALLERGY
Christopher M. Warren, PhD; Avneet S. Chadha, BS; Scott H. Sicherer, MD; et al.
This cross-sectional, population-based study provides current estimates of the prevalence, severity, distribution, and clinical characteristics of sesame allergy in US adults and children.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199144. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9144
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Invited Commentary
Sesame: The New Priority Allergen?
Jennifer L. P. Protudjer, PhD; Elissa M. Abrams, MD, FRCPC
JAMA Netw Open
ONCOLOGY
Graça M. Dores, MD, MPH; Marthe Bryant-Genevier, MD, MPH, MHS; Silvia Perez-Vilar, PharmD, PhD
This case series uses data from the US Food and Drug Administration’s Adverse Event Reporting System to assess the postmarketing safety profile of sipuleucel-T.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199249. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9249
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Invited Commentary
Postmarketing Analysis of Sipuleucel-T—The Importance of Real-World Data
Alice C. Fan, MD; John T. Leppert, MD, MS
JAMA Netw Open
ONCOLOGY
Siran M. Koroukian, PhD; Weichuan Dong, MA; Nathan A. Berger, MD
This cross-sectional study examines temporal shifts in age distribution of obesity-associated cancers and non–obesity-associated cancers across race/ethnicity- and sex-specific strata.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199261. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9261
MEDICAL EDUCATION
Andrea Gurmankin Levy, PhD, MBe; Aaron M. Scherer, PhD; Brian J. Zikmund-Fisher, PhD; et al.
This survey study assesses how often patients choose not to disclose to their clinicians imminent threats to their well-being (depression, suicidality, abuse, and sexual assault) and examines patient reasons for nondisclosure.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199277. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9277
CARDIOLOGY
Hae Hyuk Jung, MD
This population-based cohort study assesses whether the optimal level of treated blood pressure varies between patients with more vs fewer risk factors among adults in Korea.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199307. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9307
PEDIATRICS
Parul Dayal, PhD, MS; Celia H. Chang, MD; William S. Benko, MD; et al.
This cross-sectional study of pediatric neurology patients residing in rural areas compares rates of hospital encounters for patients who had outpatient telemedicine consultations vs those who visited neurology clinics in person.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199364. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9364
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Deverick J. Anderson, MD, MPH; Shera Watson, MPH; Rebekah W. Moehring, MD, MPH; et al.
This multicenter nonrandomized clinical trial with crossover design study determines the feasibility and results of implementing 2 core stewardship intervention strategies, preauthorization and postprescription audit and review, in community hospitals.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199369. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9369
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Audio:
The editors discuss antimicrobial interventions in hospitals and firearms among military personnel who have thought about suicide
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Invited Commentary
Adapting Antibiotic Stewardship to the Community Hospital
Daniel J. Livorsi, MD, MSc; Heather Schacht Reisinger, PhD; Edward Stenehjem, MD, MSc
JAMA Netw Open
Abstract
Full Text
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Audio:
The editors discuss antimicrobial interventions in hospitals and firearms among military personnel who have thought about suicide
GLOBAL HEALTH
Anna Bowen, MD, MPH; Mubina Agboatwalla, MBBS; Adam Pitz, PhD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial compares antibiotic use among adult patients in Pakistan receiving bismuth subsalicylate vs placebo for diarrhea.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199441. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9441
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
Jen-Ting Yang, MD, MS; Scott L. Erickson, BA; Elizabeth Y. Killien, MD; et al.
This secondary analysis of a cohort study examines agreement between partial pressure of carbon dioxide, arterial (Paco2) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) and associated factors in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199448. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9448
EMERGENCY MEDICINE
Jennifer M. Whitehill, PhD; Calla Harrington, MSW, MPH; Cheryl J. Lang, MPH; et al.
This cross-sectional study investigates the number of pediatric cannabis exposure cases reported to a regional poison control center before vs after medical marijuana legalization in Massachusetts.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199456. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9456
PEDIATRICS
Carol A. Ford, MD; Jessica H. Mirman, PhD; J. Felipe García-España, PhD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial evaluates the efficacy, feasibility, and acceptability of a parent-targeted intervention for parent-adolescent communication about sexual health and alcohol use.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199535. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9535
HEALTH INFORMATICS
Jihoon Kim, MS; Hyeoneui Kim, RN, PhD; Elizabeth Bell, MPH; et al.
This survey study examines the association between various presentations of consent forms and differences in electronic health record and biospecimen sharing rates among patients.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199550. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9550
GERIATRICS
Nathan M. Stall, MD; Hadas D. Fischer, MD, MSc; Kinwah Fung, MSc; et al.
This population-based cohort study examines the sex-based variations in burdensome interventions (care transitions, invasive procedures, and use of physical restraints) and antibiotic therapy at the very end of life among nursing home residents with advanced dementia in Ontario, Canada.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199557. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9557
ONCOLOGY
Bishal Gyawali, MD, PhD; Frazer A. Tessema, BA; Emily H. Jung, AB; et al.
This systematic review and pooled analysis of randomized noninferiority trials of cancer drugs assesses the association of justification for using noninferiority design and success in achieving noninferiority with the funding of these trials and the association of these trials with patient survival.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199570. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9570
HEALTH INFORMATICS
Philip J. Kroth, MD, MS; Nancy Morioka-Douglas, MD; Sharry Veres, MD; et al.
This survey study determines which electronic health record (EHR) design and use factors are associated with clinician stress and burnout and identifies other sources that contribute to this problem.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199609. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9609
PULMONARY MEDICINE
Huong Q. Nguyen, PhD, RN; Marilyn L. Moy, MD, MS; In-Lu Amy Liu, MS; et al.
This pragmatic randomized clinical trial evaluates the long-term effectiveness of a community-based physical activity coaching intervention on acute care and survival in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199657. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9657
GERIATRICS
Lillian Min, MD, MSHS; Mary Tinetti, MD; Kenneth M. Langa, MD, PhD; et al.
This diagnostic study uses Health and Retirement Survey and linked Medicare data to develop and validate an administrative approach to identifying older adults with fall-related injuries and to quantify the inclusiveness and validity across a spectrum of potential diagnoses of fall-related injuries.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199679. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9679
ONCOLOGY
Johannes Uhlig, MD, MPH; Meaghan Dendy Case, MD; Justin D. Blasberg, MD; et al.
This comparative effectiveness research study assesses whether the addition of local treatment of the primary tumor site in stage IV non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) provides a survival benefit compared with systemic therapy alone.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199702. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9702
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
David R. Sinclair, PhD; John J. Grefenstette, PhD; Mary G. Krauland, PhD; et al.
This study uses a decision analytical model to simulate measles outbreaks in metropolitan areas in Texas using 2018 and future reduced vaccination rates.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199768. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9768
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Invited Commentary
Science Should Drive Vaccine Policy
Tara C. Smith, PhD; Maimuna S. Majumder, MPH, PhD
JAMA Netw Open
PSYCHIATRY
Eric A. Latimer, PhD; Daniel Rabouin, MSc; Zhirong Cao, MSc; et al.
This economic evaluation study investigates the cost-effectiveness of the Housing First intervention with Intensive Case Management compared with treatment as usual among homeless adults with mental illness.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199782. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9782
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
Sriram Ramgopal, MD; Cameron Dezfulian, MD; Robert W. Hickey, MD; et al.
This cohort study examines whether severe hyperoxemia events are associated with mortality among children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199812. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9812
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Wei Chang, MSW, MPH; Primrose Matambanadzo, MPH; Albert Takaruza, BSc; et al.
This randomized clinical trial evaluates the effectiveness of various pricing and distribution methods for a self-administered test for HIV diagnosis in Zimbabwe.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199818. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9818
NEUROLOGY
Haihao Zhu, MD, PhD; Qiushan Tao, MD; Ting Fang Alvin Ang, MD; et al.
This cohort study uses data from second-generation participants in the Framingham Heart Study to analyze the association of plasma amylin concentration with Alzheimer disease risk and brain structure.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199826. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9826
NUTRITION, OBESITY, AND EXERCISE
Chethan Bachireddy, MD, MSc; Andrew Joung, BA; Leslie K. John, PhD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial examines whether it is more effective to disburse fixed total financial incentives at a constant, increasing, or decreasing rate to encourage physical activity among pedometer-wearing adults.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199863. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9863
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
Kazuyoshi Aoyama, MD, PhD; Ruxandra Pinto, PhD; Joel G. Ray, MD, MSc, FRCPC; et al.
This nationwide population-based cohort study investigates the association of maternal age, adjusting for patient-level and hospital-level factors, with severe maternal morbidity and maternal death in Canada.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199875. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9875
NEUROLOGY
Chenlu Gao, MA; Nikita Y. Chapagain, BS; Michael K. Scullin, PhD
This systematic review and meta-analysis quantifies the extent, nature, and treatability of sleep problems in caregivers of patients with dementia.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199891. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9891
HEALTH POLICY
Barbora Sporinova, MD; Braden Manns, MD; Marcello Tonelli, MD; et al.
This population-based cohort study determines the association of mental health disorders with health care utilization and costs for Canadian adults with chronic disease.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199910. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9910
ORTHOPEDICS
Grayson R. Norris; Jake X. Checketts, BS; Jared T. Scott, DO; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the prevalence of deep surgical site infections after surgical repair of periarticular knee fractures, and the prevalence of septic arthritis, common microorganisms in infection cultures, and covariates associated with surgical site infections.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199951. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9951
NEUROLOGY
Sheng Zhuang, MD; Muzi Na, PhD, MHS; John W. Winkelman, MD, PhD; et al.
This cohort study of commercially insured US individuals examines the association between restless legs syndrome and risk of suicide and self-harm.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199966. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9966