PUBLIC HEALTH
Jennifer L. Pearson, MPH, PhD; Eva Sharma, PhD; Ning Rui, PhD; et al.
This cohort study uses propensity score matching analyses of 3 years of data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study to assess whether there is an association between electronic nicotine delivery system use and changes in the frequency or intensity of cigarette smoking among young adults who have ever smoked.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2015893. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15893
NEUROLOGY
Tatiana Plavina, PhD; Carol M. Singh, BS; Dipen Sangurdekar, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines the association of neurofilament light levels with long-term brain atrophy and disease progression in multiple sclerosis.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2016278. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.16278
PSYCHIATRY
Charles M. Morin, PhD; Denise C. Jarrin, PhD; Hans Ivers, PhD; et al.
This cohort study assess the incidence, persistence, and remission rates of insomnia over a 5-year period in a population-based sample in Canada.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2018782. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.18782
ONCOLOGY
Lan-Wei Guo, PhD; Qiong Chen, PhD; Yin-Chen Shen, MD; et al.
This cross-sectional study assesses the participation and detection rates of a lung cancer screening program in China and the factors associated with participation and detection among individuals at high risk for lung cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2019039. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19039
PULMONARY MEDICINE
Scott K. Aberegg, MD, MPH; Meghan M. Cirulis, MD; Sean D. Maddock, MD; et al.
This case series describes the clinical features, bronchoscopic findings, imaging patterns, and outcomes of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use–associated lung injury (EVALI).
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2019176. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19176
EMERGENCY MEDICINE
Hojjat Salmasian, MD, PhD, MPH; Bonnie B. Blanchfield, ScD; Kelley Joyce, BS; et al.
This cohort study evaluates whether noninterruptive display of patient photographs in the banner of the electronic health record is associated with a decreased rate of wrong-patient order entry errors.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2019652. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19652
PSYCHIATRY
Corina Benjet, PhD; William G. Axinn, PhD; Sabrina Hermosilla, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines the association of age and exposure to neighborhood-level violence with subsequent depression onset in an area with medium-intensity armed conflict.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2019848. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19848
GERIATRICS
Bijan Najafi, PhD; Narek Veranyan, MD; Alejandro Zulbaran-Rojas, MD; et al.
This cohort study tests a frailty meter that does not rely on gait to determine the risk of 30-day major adverse events among patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia who have undergone lower extremity revascularization.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2020161. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.20161
PULMONARY MEDICINE
Wubin Xie, DrPH, MPH; Hasmeena Kathuria, MD; Panagis Galiatsatos, MD, MHS; et al.
This cohort study examines the association of electronic cigarette use with incidence of respiratory conditions among participants of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2020816. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.20816
PUBLIC HEALTH
Krisztina Gero, MD, PhD; Jun Aida, DDS, PhD; Katsunori Kondo, MD, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examined levels of community trust in survey responses from communities in Iwanuma City, Japan, hosting resettled survivors of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2021166. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.21166
GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
Qiushi Chen, PhD; Turgay Ayer, PhD; Madeline G. Adee, MPH; et al.
This decision analytical model study assesses the burden of hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in the era of new hepatitis C antiviral treatments by projecting the number and the characteristics of new hepatocellular carcinoma incident cases and candidates for routine hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2021173. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.21173
HEALTH POLICY
Dominique A. Alexis, BS; Matthew D. Kearney, MPH; J. Corey Williams, MA, MD; et al.
This qualitative study used a mixed-methods approach to analyze survey and narrative data on how professionalism standards are operationalized and perceived in diverse health care work and learning environments.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2021452. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.21452
PEDIATRICS
Philip E. Rosenbaum, BS; Christopher Locandro, MStat; Sara P. D. Chrisman, MPH, MD; et al.
This cohort study examines patient characteristics associated with recovery time in pediatric patients with mild traumatic brain injury treated at concussion specialty clinics.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2021463. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.21463
UROLOGY
Scott R. Bauer, MD, ScM; Benjamin N. Breyer, MD, MAS; Meir J. Stampfer, MD, DrPH; et al.
This cohort study examines the association of adherence to Mediterranean or Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 diets with incidence of erectile dysfunction in men.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2021701. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.21701
MEDICAL EDUCATION
Shalila S. de Bourmont, BS; Arun Burra, BA; Sarah S. Nouri, MD, MPH; et al.
This survey study evaluates the frequency of resident physician experiences with and responses to a range of biased patient behaviors.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2021769. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.21769
ONCOLOGY
Zhen Zhai, MD; Yi Zheng, PhD; Jia Yao, MD; et al.
This cohort study evaluates the association of different adjuvant therapies with survival outcomes in patients with triple-negative breast cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2021881. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.21881
HEALTH INFORMATICS
Jingcheng Du, PhD; Chongliang Luo, PhD; Ross Shegog, PhD; et al.
This cohort study develops and validates deep learning models to understand public perceptions of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines from the perspective of behavior change theories using data from social media.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2022025. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.22025
DIABETES AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
Wael AbdAlmageed, PhD; Hengameh Mirzaalian, PhD; Xiao Guo, MS; et al.
This cross-sectional study evaluates the use of machine learning for prediction of congenital adrenal hyperplasia based on distinct facial morphologic features.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2022199. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.22199
GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
Michael H. Le, MS; Yee Hui Yeo, MD, MSc; Samuel So, MD; et al.
This cross-sectional study used NHANES data from 1999 to 2016 to assess the trends in self-reported hepatitis B vaccination coverage and serologic evidence of immunity among children and adolescents in the US.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2022388. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.22388
HEALTH INFORMATICS
Jie Yang, PhD; Liqin Wang, PhD; Neelam A. Phadke, MD; et al.
This cross-sectional study describes the development and evaluation of a deep learning model to identify allergic reaction in the free-text narrative of hospital safety reports.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2022836. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.22836
ONCOLOGY
Kiyofumi Shimoji, MD; Takeshi Masuda, MD, PhD; Kakuhiro Yamaguchi, MD, PhD; et al.
This cohort study evaluates whether interstitial lung abnormalities are associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor–induced interstitial lung disease in patients with nonlung cancers.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2022906. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.22906
EMERGENCY MEDICINE
Yohei Okada, MD; Takeyuki Kiguchi, MD, PhD; Taro Irisawa, MD, PhD; et al.
This prognostic study develops and validates a prediction model for neurological outcomes of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with shockable rhythm treated with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2022920. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.22920
GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
Gabriele Capurso, PhD; Stefano Crippa, MD; Giuseppe Vanella, MD; et al.
This cohort study examines the use of patient- and cyst-related factors available at baseline for estimation of the risk of progression in patients with branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2022933. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.22933
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
David F. Steiner, MD, PhD; Kunal Nagpal, MS; Rory Sayres, PhD; et al.
This diagnostic study evaluates whether the use of an artificial intelligence–based assistive tool is associated with improvements in the grading of prostate core needle biopsies among general pathologists compared with the majority opinion of subspecialists.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2023267. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.23267
DIABETES AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
Erica Bessell, MND; Nicholas R. Fuller, PhD; Tania P. Markovic, PhD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial assesses the efficacy of α-cyclodextrin for cholesterol control and that of hydrolyzed ginseng for glycemic control in people with prediabetes and overweight or obesity.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2023491. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.23491
ANESTHESIOLOGY
Michael J. Tylee, MD; Gordon D. Rubenfeld, MD, MSc; Duminda Wijeysundera, MD, PhD; et al.
This systematic review studies the literature on communication between patients and anesthesia professionals, with a focus on discussions related to postoperative critical care.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2023503. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.23503
MEDICAL EDUCATION
Edwin Nieblas-Bedolla, MPH; John R. Williams, MD; Briana Christophers, AB; et al.
This cross-sectional study assesses trends in the percentage of applicants and matriculants to US surgical specialties who identified as part of a racial/ethnic group underrepresented in medicine from the 2010-2011 to 2018-2019 academic years
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2023509. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.23509
CARDIOLOGY
Tajinder P. Singh, MD, MSc; Mandeep R. Mehra, MD; Kimberlee Gauvreau, ScD
This cohort study examines characteristics of high-performing pediatric heart transplant centers in the United States.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2023515. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.23515
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Invited Commentary
Measuring Quality in Pediatric Heart Transplantation—An Important but Challenging Goal
Matthew J. O’Connor, MD; Kimberly Y. Lin, MD; Joseph W. Rossano, MD
JAMA Netw Open
HEALTH INFORMATICS
Benjamin A. Goldstein, PhD, MPH; Marcelo Cerullo, MD, MPH; Vijay Krishnamoorthy, MD, PhD; et al.
In this prognostic study, the development and performance of a clinical decision support tool to inform resource utilization for elective procedures requiring inpatient care were evaluated.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2023547. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.23547
HEMATOLOGY
Nianyi Li, MD, PhD; Guangjie Zhao, MD; Wanling Wu, MD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial compares the equivalence and assesses the safety of oral iron supplements plus vitamin C vs oral iron supplements alone among patients with iron deficiency anemia.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2023644. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.23644
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
ShuJie Liao, MD; Wei Pan, PhD; Wan-qiang Dai, MS; et al.
This prognostic study assesses whether machine learning can be used to develop a dynamic scoring system for predicting the severity of infertility in patients.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2023654. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.23654
NEPHROLOGY
Bryan N. Becker, MD; Jiacong Luo, MD, MS; Kathryn S. Gray, MS; et al.
This cohort study examines whether enrollment in a chronic condition special needs plan is associated with improved clinical outcomes and quality of life among patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2023663. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.23663
SURGERY
Gabe Weininger, BS; Makoto Mori, MD; Cornell Brooks II, BA; et al.
This cross-sectional study uses surgeon-level outcomes data from the 2014-2016 New York State Cardiac Data Reporting System to assesses the association between surgeons’ number of years in practice and outcomes in cardiac surgery.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2023671. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.23671
SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION
Jeromie Ballreich, MHS, PhD; Omar Mansour, MHS; Ellen Hu, MHS; et al.
This decision analytical model estimates the future burden of opioid-related morbidity and mortality in the US from 2020 to 2029 and examines strategies that may be associated with mitigation of the opioid epidemic.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2023677. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.23677
SURGERY
Anne P. Ehlers, MD, MPH; C. Ann Vitous, MA, MPH; Anne Sales, PhD, RN; et al.
This qualitative study explores factors associated with surgeon choice of an open vs minimally invasive approach to inguinal hernia repair to better understand deviations from guidelines.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2023684. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.23684
PEDIATRICS
Rita L. Taylor, MA; Shelly R. Cooper, PhD; Joshua J. Jackson, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study evaluates whether neighborhood poverty is associated with cognitive function and prefrontal and hippocampal brain structure in ways that are dissociable from household socioeconomic status.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2023774. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.23774
GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
Fasiha Kanwal, MD, MSHS; Thomas J. Taylor, PhD; Jennifer R. Kramer, PhD, MPH; et al.
This cohort study compares different machine learning methods in predicting overall mortality in cirrhosis and uses machine learning to select easily scored clinical variables for a novel prognostic model in patients with cirrhosis.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2023780. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.23780
HEALTH POLICY
Andrew M. Ibrahim, MD, MSc; Ushapoorna Nuliyalu, MPH; Emily J. Lawton, MPP; et al.
This economic evaluation estimates the association between the enactment of Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) reforms and 30-day price-standardized hospital episode spending.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2023926. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.23926
ONCOLOGY
Keara English, MD; N. Patrik Brodin, PhD; Viswanathan Shankar, DrPH, MSc; et al.
This cohort study examined the association of adding ablative therapy to transarterial chemoembolization with overall survival and freedom from local progression among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2023942. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.23942
PUBLIC HEALTH
Apurva Bhatt, MD; Xi Wang, MS; An-Lin Cheng, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines changes in firearm suicide rates in Missouri following the loosening of state firearm restrictions by comparing reported suicide rates with states with similar demographic characteristics that did not change firearm laws.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2024303. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.24303
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Invited Commentary
Firearm Policy and Youth Suicide—In Pursuit of Mechanistic Explanations
Ali Rowhani-Rahbar, MD, MPH, PhD; Miriam J. Haviland, MSPH, PhD; Alice M. Ellyson, MS, PhD
JAMA Netw Open
CARDIOLOGY
Hung-Ju Lin, MD; Heng-Yu Pan, MD; Wen-Jone Chen, MD, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines the intraindividaul discrepancies in blood pressure estimates and classifications based on different BP estimation protocols.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2024311. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.24311
SURGERY
Ashley L. Titan, MD; Jeffrey A. Norton, MD; Andrea T. Fisher, BS; et al.
This case series examines data from 2003 to 2018 regarding patients who underwent aggressive resection operative treatment for locally advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and their outcomes in terms of disease recurrence, quality of life, and overall 5-year survival.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2024318. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.24318
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
Kaitlyn G. Lawrence, PhD; Jacob K. Kresovich, PhD; Katie M. O’Brien, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines the association between neighborhood deprivation and estimates of epigenetic age acceleration and genome-wide methylation among women in the US and Puerto Rico.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2024329. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.24329
PSYCHIATRY
James G. Scott, MBBS, PhD; Andrea Baker, MMHNurse; Carmen C. W. Lim, MSc, CStat; et al.
This randomized clinical trial examines the clinical efficacy of the adjunctive use of sodium benzoate for symptoms in people with early psychosis.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2024335. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.24335
SURGERY
Ryckie G. Wade, MBBS, MSc, MClinEd; Timothy T. Griffiths, MRes; Robert Flather, MRes; et al.
This systematic review and network meta-analysis evaluates which operation for cubital tunnel syndrome is associated with the best chance of symptomatic cure and lowest risk of complications.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2024352. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.24352
ONCOLOGY
Fangjian Guo, MD, PhD; Matthew Scholl, BS; Erika L. Fuchs, PhD, MPH; et al.
This cross-sectional study assesses whether the rate of positive BRCA test results changed between 2008 and 2018 among older women in the United States.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2024358. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.24358
HEALTH POLICY
Miranda B. Lam, MD, MBA; Jessica Phelan, MS; E. John Orav, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines whether Medicaid expansion is associated with improved mortality among patients with breast, colorectal, and lung cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2024366. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.24366
ONCOLOGY
Jennifer Yin Yee Kwan, MD; Petra Famiyeh; Jie Su, MSc; et al.
This prognostic study describes a multivariate linear regression model that combines mammographic breast density with patient, cancer, and treatment factors to identify the possible posttreatment volume of lymphedema in patients with breast cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2024373. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.24373
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
Lorna E. Thorpe, PhD, MPH; Elle Anastasiou, MPH; Katarzyna Wyka, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines whether the 2018 implementation of a federal ban on smoking in public housing settings was associated with a decrease in indoor levels of secondhand smoke in New York City (NYC) public housing developments 12 months later.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2024385. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.24385
HEALTH POLICY
Vanessa K. Dalton, MD; Michelle H. Moniz, MD; Martha J. Bailey, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study assesses the association of the elimination of cost sharing for contraception under the Patient and Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) with birth rates by income level among commercially insured women.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2024398. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.24398
HEALTH POLICY
Aviv Ladanie, PhD; Andreas M. Schmitt, MD; Benjamin Speich, PhD; et al.
This comparative effectiveness research examines clinical trial data on treatment outcomes used to support US Food and Drug Administration approval of novel cancer therapies that were approved for the first time between 2000 and 2016.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2024406. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.24406
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Florence M. Momplaisir, MD, MSHP; Tanner Nassau, MPH; Kari Moore, MS; et al.
This cohort study evaluates the association between adverse neighborhood exposures and virologic control in pregnant women with HIV at labor and delivery.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2024577. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.24577
HEALTH POLICY
Junko Takeshita, MD, PhD, MSCE; Shiyu Wang, MS; Alison W. Loren, MD, MSCE; et al.
This cross-sectional study evaluates the associations between the patient experience as measured by scores on the Press Ganey Outpatient Medical Practice Survey and patient-physician racial/ethnic and gender concordance.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2024583. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.24583
EMERGENCY MEDICINE
Wesley H. Self, MD, MPH; Christopher S. Evans, MD, MPH; Cathy A. Jenkins, MS; et al.
This subgroup analysis of 2 cluster randomized clinical trials examines adults presenting to the emergency department with diabetic ketoacidosis and determines how long it takes to reach resolution by treating with balanced crystalloids vs saline.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2024596. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.24596
HEALTH POLICY
Benjamin P. Brown, MD, MS; Luciana E. Hebert, PhD; Melissa Gilliam, MD, MPH; et al.
This cohort study evaluates the association of restrictive abortion laws in 18 states with state abortion rates.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2024610. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.24610
PEDIATRICS
Marisa N. Spann, PhD, MPH; Dustin Scheinost, PhD; Tianshu Feng, MS; et al.
This cohort study examines the association of prepregnancy BMI with fetal growth development and functional connectivity outcomes among adolescent and young women.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2024661. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.24661
PEDIATRICS
Hasse Karlsson, MD, PhD; Harri Merisaari, PhD; Linnea Karlsson, MD, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines infants and parents in the FinnBrain Birth Cohort to assess the association between paternal cumulative early life stress and offspring brain development.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2024832. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.24832
HEALTH POLICY
Christopher M. Whaley, PhD; Megan F. Pera, MS; Jonathan Cantor, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study analyzes health insurance claims among commercially-insured individuals to asess changes in the use of health services in the Unted States during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2024984. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.24984
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Editorial
Elective Care and Health Services Research in the COVID-19 Era
Elizabeth A. Jacobs, MD, MAPP; Olugbenga Ogedegbe, MD, MS, MPH; Stephan D. Fihn, MD, MPH
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JAMA Netw Open
DIABETES AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
Goutham Swaminathan; Akshay Swaminathan, BA; Daniel J. Corsi, PhD
This cross-sectional study provides a comprehensive national assessment of gestational diabetes in India and its socioeconomic, demographic, and geographic associations.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2025074. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25074
NEUROLOGY
Tara L. Sharma, DO; Julia Morrow Kerrigan, MD; David L. McArthur, PhD, MPH; et al.
This cohort study examines whether there is an association between concussion recovery and airplane travel in college athletes and military cadets.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2025082. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25082
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
Kimberley Geissler, PhD; Brittany L. Ranchoff, MPH; Michael I. Cooper; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines rates of recommended services during comprehensive postpartum visits and differences between Medicaid and non-Medicaid insurance type among US women.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2025095. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25095
ONCOLOGY
Maria A. Lopez-Olivo, MD, PhD; Kristin G. Maki, PhD; Noah J. Choi; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis examines US lung cancer screening adherence rates, patient characteristics associated with adherence, and diagnostic testing rates after screening.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2025102. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25102
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Conversations with Dr Bauchner:
USPSTF Recommendation—Screening for Lung Cancer
CARDIOLOGY
Amgad Mentias, MD, MSc; Alexandros Briasoulis, MD, PhD; Mary S. Vaughan Sarrazin, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines the trends, patient characteristics, and outcomes associated with noncardiac surgery among patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs).
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2025118. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25118
CARDIOLOGY
Calvin L. Colvin, MSPH; Jordan B. King, PharmD, MS; Suzanne Oparil, MD; et al.
This serial cross-sectional study assesses whether any race/ethnicity-specific changes occurred from before to after publication of the Eighth Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure panel member report for the initiation of antihypertensive medication classes in a 5% sample of Medicare beneficiaries aged 66 years or older.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2025127. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25127
PUBLIC HEALTH
Michelle Odlum, EdD, MPH; Nathalie Moise, MD, MS; Ian M. Kronish, MD, MPH; et al.
This cross-sectional study evaluates which health indicators have improved or worsened among Black and Hispanic middle-aged and older adults since the Minority Health and Health Disparities Research and Education Act of 2000.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2025134. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25134
NUTRITION, OBESITY, AND EXERCISE
Hana Kahleova, MD, PhD; Kitt Falk Petersen, MD; Gerald I. Shulman, MD, PhD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial assesses the effects of a 16-week low-fat vegan dietary intervention on body weight, insulin resistance, postprandial metabolism, and intramyocellular and hepatocellular lipid levels in overweight adults.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2025454. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25454
NUTRITION, OBESITY, AND EXERCISE
Shafqat Ahmad, PhD; Olga V. Demler, PhD; Qi Sun, ScD; et al.
This cohort study characterizes the relative association of conventional and novel biomarkers in Mediterranean diet–related type 2 diabetes risk reduction in a US population.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2025466. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25466
DIABETES AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
Peter J. Huckfeldt, PhD; Chris Frenier, MS; Nicholas M. Pajewski, PhD; et al.
This ancillary study of a randomized clinical trial examines the long-term associations of an intensive lifestyle intervention for type 2 diabetes with health care use, spending, and disability.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2025488. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25488
CARDIOLOGY
Xiaoxi Yao, PhD; Nilay D. Shah, PhD; Bernard J. Gersh, MB, ChB, DPhil; et al.
This cohort study assesses 10-year use, adherence, cost, and outcome trends in statin therapy for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in US adults using nationwide research center database information.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2025505. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25505
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Invited Commentary
Statins and LDL-C in Secondary Prevention—So Much Progress, So Far to Go
Maciej Banach, MD, PhD; Peter E. Penson, MPharm, PhD
JAMA Netw Open
GERIATRICS
Monica Ospina-Romero, MD; M. Maria Glymour, ScD; Eleanor Hayes-Larson, PhD; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses the likelihood that methodological biases in cohort studies and case-control studies, rather than a common etiology, explain the inverse association between cancer and subsequent Alzheimer disease incidence among older adults.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2025515. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25515
GERIATRICS
Lama Assi, MD; Ahmed F. Shakarchi, MD, MPH; Orla C. Sheehan, MD, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study assesses the association between hearing, vision, or dual sensory impairment and patient satisfaction with quality of care, communication from health professionals, and access to care among a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2025522. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25522
NEUROLOGY
Christine Aarenstrup Daugaard, MSc; Lars Pedersen, PhD; Yuelian Sun, PhD; et al.
This cohort study evaluates risk of intellectual disability and delayed childhood milestones among children exposed prenatally to valproate and other antiepileptic drugs.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2025570. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25570
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Kevin Kuriakose, MD; April C. Pettit, MD, MPH; Jonathan Schmitz, MD, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines risk factors associated with severity of infection in patients with ehrlichiosis.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2025577. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25577
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
Rebecca F. Hamm, MD, MSCE; Jennifer McCoy, MD; Amal Oladuja, BA; et al.
This cohort study assesses whether implementation of a validated calculator for likelihood of cesarean delivery at the time of labor induction is associated with maternal morbidity and birth satisfaction.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2025582. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25582
EMERGENCY MEDICINE
Gregory A. Peters, MD; Alexander J. Ordoobadi, MD; Rebecca E. Cash, PhD, MPH; et al.
This quasi-experimental cohort study assesses the association between Affordable Care Act implementation and asthma treatment by examining changes in ambulance dispatch rates for asthma emergencies in New York City between 2008 and 2018.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2025586. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25586
HEALTH POLICY
David J. Wallace, MD, MPH; Julie M. Donohue, PhD; Derek C. Angus, MD, MPH; et al.
This cross-sectional study uses hospital-level Medicaid and geospatial data to analyze the association of state expansion of Medicaid under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act with emergency access to acute care hospitals.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2025815. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25815
ONCOLOGY
Zin W. Myint, MD; Harry D. Momo, MSc; Danielle E. Otto, PharmD, BCOP; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis examines 11 randomized clinical trials to see whether therapy with androgen receptor inhibitors (ARIs), such as enzalutamide, apalutamide, or darolutamide, is associated with an increased risk of falls and fractures in men with prostate cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2025826. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25826
ONCOLOGY
Nicholas S. Phillips, MD, PhD; Shelli R. Kesler, PhD; Matthew A. Scoggins, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines associations among brain volume, brain network connectivity, and neurocognitive test performance in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with chemotherapy only.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2025839. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25839
ONCOLOGY
Paulette D. Chandler, MD, MPH; Wendy Y. Chen, MD, MPH; Oluremi N. Ajala, MD, MPH; et al.
This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial evaluates the effect vitamin D on the incidence of advanced (metastatic or fatal) cancer among adults without cancer at baseline and examines possible effect modification by body mass index.
has audio
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2025850. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25850
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Audio Editors' Summary:
Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplements on Development of Advanced Cancer; Carcinogen Exposure from Pod E-Cigarettes vs Cigarettes among African American and Latinx Smokers
ONCOLOGY
David Proudman, MBiochem, MPH; Aaron Miller, BS; Dave Nellesen, PhD; et al.
This economic evaluation assesses the budget impact associated with adding avapritinib for metastatic or unresectable GIST in patients with a platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) exon 18 variant or after 3 or more previous treatments to a hypothetical US health plan formulary.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2025866. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25866
HEALTH POLICY
Renee Y. Hsia, MD, MSc; Harlan Krumholz, MD, SM; Yu-Chu Shen, PhD
This cohort study examines the extent to which disparities in access, treatment, and outcomes have changed for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who are living in zip codes that are largely composed of Black or Hispanic individuals compared with patients in nonminority communities in regionalized vs nonregionalized counties.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2025874. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25874
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Invited Commentary
The Paradox of STEMI Regionalization: Widened Disparities Despite Some Benefits
Robert O. Roswell, MD; Rachel-Maria Brown, MD; Safiya Richardson, MD, MPH
JAMA Netw Open
ONCOLOGY
Frederick Matthew Howard, MD; Sara Kochanny, BA; Matthew Koshy, MD; et al.
This cohort study evaluates whether machine learning models could identify patients with intermediate-risk head and neck squamous cell carcinoma who would benefit from chemoradiation.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2025881. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25881
PUBLIC HEALTH
Patricia C. Dykes, PhD, RN; Zoe Burns, MPH; Jason Adelman, MD; et al.
This nonrandomized controlled trial assesses whether implementation of a nurse-led, patient-centered tool kit for fall prevention was associated with a reduction in rates of falls and fall-related injuries in 3 academic medical centers in Boston and New York City.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2025889. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25889
ONCOLOGY
Ian Poon, MD; Darby Erler, MRT(T), MHSc; Roi Dagan, MD; et al.
This case series reports overall progression-free survival, widespread progression outcomes, and prognostic survival factors from a pooled data set of 1033 patients with oligometastasis treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2026312. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.26312
SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION
Kim Pulvers, PhD, MPH; Nicole L. Nollen, PhD; Myra Rice, MA; et al.
This randomized clinical trial examines biomarkers of carcinogen exposure in African American and Latinx smokers who switch to electronic cigarettes vs smoking as usual.
has audio
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2026324. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.26324
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Audio Editors' Summary:
Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplements on Development of Advanced Cancer; Carcinogen Exposure from Pod E-Cigarettes vs Cigarettes among African American and Latinx Smokers
PHARMACY AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Hui-Min Diana Lin, MSc; Pareen Vora, MSc; Montse Soriano-Gabarró, MD; et al.
This nested case-control study evaluates the association between duration and recency of low-dose aspirin use and colorectal cancer risk in an East Asian population.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2026494. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.26494
SURGERY
Jessica A. Bowman, MD, MAS; Miriam Nuño, PhD; Gregory J. Jurkovich, MD; et al.
This cohort study characterizes interhospital variability in intensive care unit vs non–intensive care unit admission of older patients with isolated rib fractures and evaluates whether greater hospital-level use of intensive care units is associated with improved outcomes.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2026500. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.26500
GERIATRICS
Yian Gu, PhD; Juliet M. Beato, BS; Erica Amarante, BS; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines the association between leisure time physical activity and measures of brain health assessed by magnetic resonance imaging in older adults.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2026506. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.26506
GLOBAL HEALTH
Vivek V. Shukla, MD; Barry Eggleston, MS; Namasivayam Ambalavanan, MD; et al.
This cohort study evaluates the accuracy of a machine learning–based model to predict risk of stillbirth and neonatal mortality in low- and middle-income countries.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2026750. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.26750
SURGERY
Carolyn Cullinane, MCh; Christina Fleming, MCh, PhD; Donal Peter O’Leary, PhD; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis uses data from studies retrieved from a Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Embase search to investigate the association of circulating tumor DNA with disease-free survival in patients with breast cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2026921. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.26921
IMAGING
Ralph C. Wang, MD, MAS; Diana L. Miglioretti, PhD; Emily C. Marlow, PhD; et al.
This cohort study assesses the use of advanced imaging tests, including chest computed tomography, computed tomographic pulmonary angiography, and ventilation-perfusion scan, for pulmonary embolism from 2004 to 2016.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2026930. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.26930
ONCOLOGY
Natalia Kunst, MSc; Shi-Yi Wang, MD, PhD; Annette Hood, PharmD, BCACP; et al.
This economic evaluation modeled the cost-effectiveness of 5 neoadjuvant-adjuvant treatment strategies for women with ERBB2-positive breast cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2027074. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.27074
HEALTH POLICY
Catherine R. Butler, MD, MA; Susan P. Y. Wong, MD, MS; Aaron G. Wightman, MD, MA; et al.
This qualitative study describes the perspectives and experiences of clinicians involved in institutional planning for resource limitation and/or patient care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
has active quiz
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2027315. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.27315
NUTRITION, OBESITY, AND EXERCISE
Natalie McCormick, PhD; Sharan K. Rai, MSc; Na Lu, MPH; et al.
This cohort study estimates the proportion of incident gout cases among US men that could be prevented through modification of obesity and other lifestyle risk factors.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2027421. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.27421
HEALTH INFORMATICS
Ozan Oktay, PhD; Jay Nanavati, MS; Anton Schwaighofer, PhD; et al.
This quality improvement study explores clinically acceptable autocontouring solutions that can be integrated into existing workflows and used in different domains of radiotherapy.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2027426. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.27426
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Katia Bruxvoort, PhD; Jeff Slezak, MS; Runxin Huang, MS; et al.
This cohort study uses data from the electronic health records of Kaiser Permanente Southern California members to assess whether the number of doses in a hepatitis B virus vaccine series is associated with completion of the series among US adults.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2027577. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.27577
MEDICAL EDUCATION
Gianni R. Lorello, MD; Julie K. Silver, MD; Genviève Moineau, MD; et al.
This cross-sectional analysis examines the representation of female medical school graduates in residency programs by specialty using aggregate data from the Canadian Residency Matching Service database.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2027938. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.27938
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Invited Commentary
The Impacts of Gender Disparity in Residency Matching
Alicia Kowalski, MD
JAMA Netw Open
PUBLIC HEALTH
Dimitri A. Christakis, MD, MPH; Wil Van Cleve, MD, MPH; Frederick J. Zimmerman, PhD
This decision analytical model estimates the potential years of life lost among US primary school–aged children associated with school closures during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
has active quiz
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2028786. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.28786
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
Emily H. Adhikari, MD; Wilmer Moreno, MD; Amanda C. Zofkie, MD; et al.
This cohort study evaluates the adverse outcomes associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among pregnant women and describes clinical management, disease progression, hospital admission, placental abnormalities, and neonatal outcomes.
has active quiz
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2029256. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.29256
EMERGENCY MEDICINE
Maura Kennedy, MD, MPH; Benjamin K. I. Helfand, MSc; Ray Yun Gou, MA; et al.
This cohort study examines how frequently older adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) present to the emergency department with delirium and their associated hospital outcomes.
has active quiz
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2029540. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.29540