NEPHROLOGY
Gwen M. Bernacki, MD, MHSA; Ruth A. Engelberg, PhD; J. Randall Curtis, MD, MPH; et al.
This cross-sectional survey study describes the cardiopulmonary resuscitation preferences of patients receiving dialysis and how these preferences are associated with their responses to questions about other aspects of end-of-life care.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2010398. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.10398
CARDIOLOGY
Geoffrey D. Barnes, MD, MSc; Alona Muzikansky, MA; Scott Cameron, MD, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines the performance of risk assessment scores among US patients with acute pulmonary embolism.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2010779. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.10779
CARDIOLOGY
Dhruv Mahtta, DO, MBA; David J. Ramsey, PhD; Mahmoud Al Rifai, MD, MPH; et al.
This cross-sectional study evaluates the pattern of aspirin use and statin use and adherence in US veterans with premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2011051. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11051
ONCOLOGY
Brandon J. Diessner, MPH; Brenda J. Weigel, MD; Paari Murugan, MD; et al.
This cross-sectional study evaluates whether socioeconomic status, insurance status, or race/ethnicity are associated with the presence of metastases at the time of diagnosis of sarcoma.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2011087. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11087
NUTRITION, OBESITY, AND EXERCISE
Erin Hoare, PhD; Andre O. Werneck, BSc; Brendon Stubbs, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines associations of reported mental health issues at ages 7 and 14 years with health behaviors in adolescence.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2011381. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11381
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
Wei Bao, MD, PhD; Buyun Liu, MD, PhD; Shuang Rong, PhD; et al.
This nationally representative cohort study assesses whether exposure to the ubiquitous chemical bisphenol A is associated with long-term risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease, cancer, or all causes among US adults.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2011620. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11620
ONCOLOGY
Yi-Ju Tseng, PhD; Hsin-Yao Wang, MD; Ting-Wei Lin, MD; et al.
This cohort study developed and validated a machine learning–based algorithm that can provide survival risk stratification for patients with advanced oral cancer who have comprehensive clinicopathologic and genetic data.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2011768. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11768
ONCOLOGY
Seema Gulia, MD, DM; Sadhana Kannan, MSc; Rajendra Badwe, MS; et al.
This meta-analysis compares shorter duration with 1 year of adjuvant trastuzumab for patients with early breast cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2011777. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11777
PSYCHIATRY
Sally N. Merry, MD; Sarah Hopkins, PhD; Mathijs F. G. Lucassen, PhD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial evaluates whether clinician training in the Modular Approach to Therapy for Children (MATCH) is associated with more use of empirically supported treatment and better clinical outcomes than usual care among adolescents receiving mental health care in New Zealand.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2011799. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11799
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
Yiqing Wu, MD; Mixue Tu, MD; Yun Huang, MD; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses whether metformin is associated with improved outcomes of in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer among women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2011995. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11995
PUBLIC HEALTH
Rajesh Talluri, PhD; Joël Fokom Domgue, MD, MPH; Ellen R. Gritz, PhD; et al.
This serial cross-sectional study of the National Health Interview Survey evaluates temporal trends in and sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with cigarette smoking cessation among adult cancer survivors in the US.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2012164. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12164
HEALTH POLICY
Nasim B. Ferdows, PhD; María P. Aranda, PhD; Julie A. Baldwin, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study uses data from the CDC WONDER database and the Area Health Resources Files to examine historical trends and disparities in mortality rates between Black and White adults 65 years and older living in urban and rural communities in the US from 1968 to 2016.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2012241. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12241
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Invited Commentary
Inequities in the Mortality Rates of Older Americans—Race, Sex, Place, and Time
Zinzi Bailey, ScD, MSPH; Natalia Linos, ScD; Mary T. Bassett, MD, MPH
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2012437. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12437
NEUROLOGY
Ihab Hajjar, MD, MS; Maureen Okafor, MD, MPH; Darius McDaniel, MS; et al.
This randomized clinical trial compares treatment with candesartan vs lisinopril among adults with hypertension and mild cognitive impairment.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2012252. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12252
PSYCHIATRY
Dominique S. Scheepens, MD; Jeroen A. van Waarde, MD, PhD; Freek ten Doesschate, MSc; et al.
This randomized clinical trial assesses whether emotional memory retrieval in adult patients before receiving electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) weakens underlying cognitive schemas, improves ECT effectiveness, increases ECT response, and reduces relapse rates.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2012389. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12389
STATISTICS AND RESEARCH METHODS
Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, MD, MSc; Gregg C. Fonarow, MD; Tim Friede, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study describes application of the reverse fragility index in establishing the clinical relevance of published clinical trials with null results.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2012469. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12469
NEUROLOGY
Anne-Claire Peultier, MSc; Ankur Pandya, PhD; Richa Sharma, MD, MPH; et al.
This economic evaluation study compares the cost-effectiveness of 2 strategies (mechanical thrombectomy with standard medical care vs standard medical care alone) for various subgroups of patients with acute ischemic stroke who were receiving care more than 6 hours after symptom onset.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2012476. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12476
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Anna K. Barker, MD, PhD; Elizabeth Scaria, BS; Nasia Safdar, MD, PhD; et al.
This economic evaluation study compares the cost-effectiveness of 9 Clostridioides difficile single intervention strategies and 8 multi-intervention bundles.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2012522. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12522
ONCOLOGY
Fang Yang, MD, PhD; Svetomir N. Markovic, MD, PhD; Julian R. Molina, MD, PhD; et al.
This meta-analysis examines the association of sex, age, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status with overall survival in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2012534. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12534
HEALTH POLICY
Maria I. Rodriguez, MD; Thomas Meath, MPH; Jiaming Huang, MS; et al.
This statewide cohort study of more than 1.5 million person-years uses a comparative interrupted time series analysis to assess whether implementing an incentive metric is associated with effective contraceptive use among women enrolled in the Oregon Medicaid program.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2012540. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12540
HEALTH POLICY
Griffith Bell, PhD, MPH; Erlyn K. Macarayan, PhD, MHSS, RN; Hannah Ratcliffe, MSc; et al.
This survey study examines the prevalence, individual characteristics and experiences, and costs associated with bypassing the nearest health care facility among women in Ghana.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2012552. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12552
PUBLIC HEALTH
Qing Wang, PhD
This cross-sectional study examines the mediating role of childhood peer bullying in the association between childhood intrafamilial aggression and depression in Chinese adults.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2012557. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12557
PEDIATRICS
Ioannis Angelakis, PhD; Jennifer L. Austin, PhD; Patricia Gooding, PhD
This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses the association between experiences of childhood maltreatment and suicide behaviors in children and young adults.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2012563. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12563
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Invited Commentary
Childhood Maltreatment and Suicidality: One Link in a Tangled Chain Toward Risk Reduction
Brett Burstein, MDCM, PhD, MPH; Brian Greenfield, MD
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013095. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13095
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
Alison Carter Ramirez, MD; Jessica Liauw, MD; Alice Cavanagh, MA; et al.
his cohort study examines antenatal care quality indicators for women who experience imprisonment compared with women in the general population in Ontario, Canada.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2012576. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12576
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Invited Commentary
Maternal Health Equity and Justice for Pregnant Women Who Experience Incarceration
Andrea Knittel, MD, PhD; Carolyn Sufrin, MD, PhD
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013096. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13096
ORTHOPEDICS
James S. Thomas, PhD; Brian C. Clark, PhD; David W. Russ, PhD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial evaluates the effectiveness of spinal manipulation and spinal mobilization compared with a placebo at reducing pain and disability among young adults with mild to moderate chronic low back pain.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2012589. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12589
ONCOLOGY
Sapna Oberoi, MD; Jiayu Yang, MD; Roberta L. Woodgate, PhD; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis of 28 randomized controlled trials examines the effectiveness in mindfulness-based interventions in reducing anxiety and depression in adult patients with cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2012598. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12598
CARDIOLOGY
Michael B. Tsang, MD, MSc; J. D. Schwalm, MD, MSc; Sumeet Gandhi, MD, MD; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines the differences in treatment decisions between a heart team and an original treating interventional cardiologist for patients with multivessel coronary artery disease.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2012749. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12749
MEDICAL EDUCATION
Denise M. Dupras, MD, PhD; Mark L. Wieland, MD, MPH; Andrew J. Halvorsen, MS; et al.
This survey study examines the associations of internal medicine program directors’ perceptions of health disparities programs with those of the residents in internal medicine programs.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2012757. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12757
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Invited Commentary
The Unacceptable Pace of Progress in Health Disparities Education in Residency Programs
Alicia Fernandez, MD
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013097. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13097
HEALTH POLICY
Luis C. Garcia, MS; Tait D. Shanafelt, MD; Colin P. West, MD, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional national study investigates possible differences in occupational burnout, depressive symptoms, career satisfaction, and work-life integration by race/ethnicity in a sample of US physicians.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2012762. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12762
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Invited Commentary
Are Hispanic, Black, and Asian Physicians Truly Less Burned Out Than White Physicians?Individual and Institutional Considerations
Joel C. Cantor, ScD; Dawne M. Mouzon, PhD, MPH
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013099. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13099
PUBLIC HEALTH
Candice A. Myers, PhD; Emily F. Mire, MS; Peter T. Katzmarzyk, PhD
This cross-sectional study examines the prevalence of food insecurity in the context of obesity and other sociodemographic factors among adults aged 20 years or older.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2012767. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12767
PEDIATRICS
Cynthia A. Fontanella, PhD; Lynn A. Warner, PhD; Danielle L. Steelesmith, PhD; et al.
This cohort study assesses whether receipt of outpatient care within 7 days of psychiatric hospital discharge is associated with a reduced risk of subsequent suicide among child and adolescent inpatients and examines factors associated with timely follow-up care.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2012887. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12887
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Invited Commentary
Bridging Gaps in Follow-up Appointments After Hospitalization and Youth Suicide: Mental Health Care Disparities Matter
David A. Brent, MD; Tina R. Goldstein, PhD; Tami D. Benton, MD
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013100. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13100
NEPHROLOGY
Matthew M. Churpek, MD, MPH, PhD; Kyle A. Carey, MPH; Dana P. Edelson, MD, MS; et al.
This diagnostic study internally and externally validates a machine learning risk score for detecting acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2012892. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12892
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Invited Commentary
Guiding Clinical Decisions Through Predictive Risk Rules
Benjamin A. Goldstein, PhD; Armando D. Bedoya, MD
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013101. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13101
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Charlie Tan, MD; Esfandiar Shojaei, MD; Joshua Wiener, BHSc; et al.
This cohort study assesses new bloodstream infections in people who inject drugs (PWID) and are receiving treatment for infective endocarditis and investigates whether new infections and treatment settings are associated with mortality.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2012974. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12974
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Invited Commentary
High-Risk Infective Endocarditis in People Who Inject Drugs: Are New Bloodstream Infections a Complication and Marker?
Andrew J. Stewardson, MBBS, MS(Epi), PhD; Steven Y.C. Tong, MBBS, PhD
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013102. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13102
PEDIATRICS
Waheeda Samady, MD, MSCI1; Emily Campbell, MD; Ozge Nur Aktas, MD; et al.
This survey study characterizes pediatric practitioner recommendations regarding complementary food introduction and waiting periods between the introduction of new foods.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013070. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13070
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
Cassandra L. Pattinson, PhD; Timothy B. Meier, PhD; Vivian A. Guedes, PhD; et al.
This diagnostic study examines whether plasma biomarkers can differentiate collegiate athletes who return to sport in less than 14 days vs 14 days or more following a sports-related concussion.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013191. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13191
ONCOLOGY
Lei Zhang, PhD; Xiaohong Han, MD; Yuankai Shi, MD
This cohort study examines whether MUC16 mutation is associated with response to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors and outcomes among patients with solid tumors, non–small cell lung cancer, and melanoma.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013201. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13201
PSYCHIATRY
Matthew S. Milak, MD; Rain Rashid, BS; Zhengchao Dong, PhD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial evaluates whether ketamine dose and brain glutamate and glutamine (Glx) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) level responses to ketamine are related to antidepressant benefit and adverse effects.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013211. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13211
ONCOLOGY
Teofilia Acheampong, MPH, PhD; Rebecca D. Kehm, MPH, PhD; Mary Beth Terry, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines the incidence of different molecular subtypes of breast cancers among different racial/ethnic and age groups.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013226. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13226
PSYCHIATRY
Martin Trøstheim, MS; Marie Eikemo, PhD; Remy Meir, BS; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses levels of anhedonia in healthy individuals and patients with mental illness according to the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013233. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13233
GERIATRICS
Geoffrey J. Hoffman, PhD; Mary E. Tinetti, MD; Jinkyung Ha, PhD; et al.
This cohort study estimates the risk of older adult fall injury within and across discrete periods during a 12-month care episode anchored by an acute hospitalization.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013243. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13243
PSYCHIATRY
Gerd Kvale, PhD; Bjarne Hansen, PhD; Kristen Hagen, PhD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial evaluates whether D-cycloserine potentiates the effect of concentrated exposure and response prevention among patients with difficult-to-treat obsessive-compulsive disorder.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013249. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13249
COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
Rezvan Ameli, PhD; Ninet Sinaii, PhD, MPH; Colin P. West, MD, PhD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial examines the effect of a brief mindfulness-based program on stress reduction among health care professionals in a US research hospital.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013424. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13424
PSYCHIATRY
Shiho Kino, PhD; Jun Aida, DDS, PhD; Katsunori Kondo, MD, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines the long-term trajectories of posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms among older, community-living adults who were affected by the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013437. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13437
PUBLIC HEALTH
Wubin Xie, DrPH; Dielle J. Lundberg, MPH; Jason M. Collins, MPH; et al.
This cohort study examines all-cause mortality in individuals with stable weight or weight changes over time.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013448. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13448
PUBLIC HEALTH
Stephen W. Patrick, MD, MPH, MS; Michael R. Richards, MD, PhD; William D. Dupont, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines whether pregnancy and insurance status are associated with a woman’s ability to obtain an appointment with an opioid use disorder treatment clinician.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013456. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13456
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Invited Commentary
Pregnancy and Access to Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder
Magdalena Cerdá, DrPH, MPH; Noa Krawczyk, PhD
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013899. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13899
RHEUMATOLOGY
Ahmed Elhakeem, PhD; Jon Heron, PhD; Jon H. Tobias, PhD; et al.
This cohort study of healthy offspring from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children examines the association of time spent in moderate to vigorous–intensity and light-intensity physical activity throughout adolescence with peak hip strength in adulthood.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013463. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13463
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Invited Commentary
Physical Activity Level During Adolescence—Possible Ways to Apply the Knowledge Gathered
Rodrigo Antunes Lima, PhD; Fernanda Cunha Soares, PhD
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013900. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13900
HEALTH POLICY
Jonathan D. Alpern, MD, CTH; Arman A. Shahriar, BS; Min Xi, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study describes key attributes of sole-source, off-patent, off-exclusivity drugs; characterizes the prevalence of price increases; and identifies attributes associated with price increases.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013595. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13595
SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION
Vikram Jairam, MD; Daniel X. Yang, MD; Vivek Verma, MD; et al.
This cross-sectional study of results from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health compares patterns of opioid use and misuse among cancer survivors with respondents without a history of cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013605. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13605
MEDICAL EDUCATION
Anli Yue Zhou, MBChB, MA, MSc; Maria Panagioti, PhD; Aneez Esmail, PhD; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the factors associated with burnout and stress among physicians receiving standard postgraduate training.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013761. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13761
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Invited Commentary
Factors Associated With Trainee Physician Burnout—Where Should the Focus Be?
Dave W. Lu, MD, MS
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2014345. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.14345
IMAGING
Melis Anatürk, DPhil; Sana Suri, DPhil; Enikő Zsoldos, DPhil; et al.
This cohort study examines trajectories of cognitive and social activities from midlife to late life and evaluates whether these trajectories are associated with brain structure, functional connectivity, and cognition.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013793. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13793
SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION
Lauren R. Gorfinkel, MPH; Malki Stohl, MS; Deborah Hasin, PhD
This cross-sectional study examines the association of depression with past-month cannabis use among US adults and the time trends for this association from 2005 to 2016.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013802. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13802
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
Sean M. Bagshaw, MD, MSc; Dat T. Tran, PhD, MSc; Dawn Opgenorth, RN; et al.
This population-based cohort study describes the epidemiology and health care costs associated with potentially avoidable delays in intensive care unit discharge among adult patients in a large integrated health care system.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013913. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13913
PHARMACY AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Adam C. Fisher, PhD; Alex Viehmann, BS; Melika Ashtiani, MS; et al.
This quality improvement study examines quality testing of prescription pharmaceutical products that are manufactured in various regions of the world and marketed in the US.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013920. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13920
ONCOLOGY
Ziying Lei, MD; Yue Wang, MD; Jiahong Wang, MD; et al.
This cohort study compares survival outcomes between primary cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) vs primary cytoreductive surgery alone for patients with stage III epithelial ovarian cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013940. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13940
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Invited Commentary
Are We Ready for Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in the Upfront Treatment of Ovarian Cancer?
Raanan Alter, MD; Kiran Turaga, MD; Ernst Lengyel, MD, PhD
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2014184. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.14184
NEPHROLOGY
Ragnar Palsson, MD; Mia R. Colona, BS; Melanie P. Hoenig, MD; et al.
This diagnostic study assesses interobserver reliability of nephrologist examination of urine sediment using high-resolution digital images and videos of the urine sediment of patients across the US undergoing kidney biopsy.
has audio
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013959. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13959
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Audio Editors' Summary:
Interobserver Reliability of Nephrologists' Urine Sediment Examination; Association of Neighborhood Deprivation With Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Events among Refugees to Denmark
GLOBAL HEALTH
Rita Hamad, MD, PhD; Buket Öztürk, MSc; Else Foverskov, PhD; et al.
This quasi-experimental cohort study uses data from the Danish population register of adult immigrants arriving from 1986 to 1998 and health outcomes from the inpatient clinic register, outpatient clinic register, and prescription drug register to assess the association between disadvantaged neighborhoods and cardiovascular disease risk among refugees.
has audio
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2014196. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.14196
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Audio Editors' Summary:
Interobserver Reliability of Nephrologists' Urine Sediment Examination; Association of Neighborhood Deprivation With Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Events among Refugees to Denmark
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Invited Commentary
Neighborhood Environment Has a Profound Association With Refugees’ Health
Charles Agyemang, MPH, PhD; Marie Norredam, MD, PhD
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2014355. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.14355
ONCOLOGY
Smita Bhatia, MD, MPH; Lindsey Hageman, MPH; Yanjun Chen, MS; et al.
This randomized clinical trial examines whether a multicomponent intervention results in a higher proportion of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia maintaining mercaptopurine adherence rates of 95% or higher compared with education alone.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2014205. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.14205
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Jiaru Yang, MS; Lisha Luo, MS; Taigui Chen, MS; et al.
This network meta-analysis compares the efficacy and safety of 8 antibiotics used for treatment of scrub typhus.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2014487. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.14487
NUTRITION, OBESITY, AND EXERCISE
Kristen M. Beavers, PhD; Rebecca H. Neiberg, MS; Stephen B. Kritchevsky, PhD; et al.
This secondary analysis of 8 randomized clinical trials assesses whether stratification by sex and race is associated with meaningful differences in physical function response to weight loss among older adults.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2014631. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.14631
GERIATRICS
Katherine A. Ornstein, PhD, MPH; David L. Roth, PhD; Jin Huang, PhD, MS; et al.
This cohort study uses data from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study to examine differences between Black and White patients in end-of-life care in a population sample with well-characterized causes of death.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2014639. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.14639
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Sylvie Naar, PhD; Gabriel Robles, PhD, MSW; Karen Kolmodin MacDonell, PhD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial assesses the comparative effectiveness of the Healthy Choices intervention when delivered in a clinic- vs home-based setting on medication adherence and alcohol use among youths and young adults living with HIV.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2014650. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.14650
STATISTICS AND RESEARCH METHODS
Gillian Gresham, PhD; Jill L. Meinert; Arthur G. Gresham, BASc; et al.
This cross-sectional study assesses characteristics and trends in clinical trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov from 2000 to 2019 and how they differed by sponsor type.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2014682. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.14682
PUBLIC HEALTH
Sarabeth A. Spitzer, MD; Veronica A. Pear, MPH; Christopher D. McCort, MS; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines incidence, distribution, and lethality of firearm injuries in California from 2005 to 2015.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2014736. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.14736
CARDIOLOGY
Brent A. Williams, PhD; Alanna M. Chamberlain, PhD; James C. Blankenship, MD; et al.
This cohort study estimates atrial fibrillation (AF) incidence rates from 2006 to 2018 in a US community-based setting and investigates possible explanations for increasing AF by evaluating the changing features of incident AF cases and the pool of patients at risk for AF.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2014874. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.14874
HEALTH POLICY
Tanjala S. Purnell, PhD, MPH; Sunjae Bae, KMD, MPH, PhD; Xun Luo, MD, MPH; et al.
This national registry study examines national trends in racial/ethnic disparities in the receipt of predialysis nephrology care at least 1 year before dialysis initiation among adults with end-stage kidney disease in the United States from 2005 to 2015.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2015003. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15003
PUBLIC HEALTH
Dialechti Tsimpida, MSc; Evangelos Kontopantelis, PhD; Darren Ashcroft, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines the concordance of self-reported measures of hearing difficulty with objective hearing data and the factors associated with the potential discordances among these measures in people 50 years and older in England.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2015009. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15009
HEALTH POLICY
Mrigesh Bhatia, MD, PhD; Kajori Banerjee, MPhil; Priyanka Dixit, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study uses data from the National Family Health Survey to assess the association of public vs private sector health facilities with the increase in cesarean delivery rates and to estimate the avoidable burden of cesarean deliveries in India between 2005 and 2016.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2015022. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15022
PUBLIC HEALTH
Alex Abramovich, PhD; Claire de Oliveira, PhD; Tara Kiran, MD; et al.
This cross-sectional study draws from identified and linked and health administrative data in Ontario, Canada, to compare the sociodemographic characteristics and health care use of transgender individuals with the general population of the province.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2015036. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15036
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
Jessica R. Shoaff, PhD; Brent Coull, PhD; Jennifer Weuve, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional analysis evaluates the association between exposure to select endocrine-disrupting chemicals during adolescence and attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD)–related behaviors.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2015041. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15041
NEUROLOGY
Wei Gao, PhD; Rebecca Wilson, PhD; Nilay Hepgul, PhD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial evaluates the effect of short-term integrated palliative care vs standard care among patients severely affected by long-term neurological conditions.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2015061. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15061
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Invited Commentary
Short-term Palliative Care for Advanced Neurologic Disease
Kate T. Brizzi, MD
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2015247. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15247
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Sindhu Chadalawada, MBBS; Stefan Sillau, PhD; Solana Archuleta, BA; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses the risk of developing chronic cardiomyopathy among patients with acute and indeterminate chronic forms of Chagas disease.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2015072. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15072
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
John J. Byrne, MD, MPH; Alexander M. Saucedo, MD; Catherine Y. Spong, MD
This cross-sectional study identifies the drugs that have adhered to the new US Food and Drug Administration Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule, sheds light on the continued need for implementation of pregnancy, lactation, and reproduction into clinical studies, and evaluates how many new therapeutic products have human and animal data specific to pregnancy and lactation.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2015094. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15094
ONCOLOGY
Wen-Kuan Huang, MD; Chi-Hung Liu, MD; See-Tong Pang, MD, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines the association between all-cause dementia, including Alzheimer disease, and different types of androgen deprivation therapy among patients with prostate cancer in Taiwan.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2015189. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15189
MEDICAL EDUCATION
Kendall M. Campbell, MD; Irma Corral, PhD, MPH; Jhojana L. Infante Linares, MS; et al.
This economic evaluation uses data from historically Black medical schools that were closed during the period surrounding the publication of the 1910 Flexner report to examine the implications of these school closures for the number of African American medical school graduates and physicians.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2015220. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15220
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Editorial
Call for Papers on Prevention and the Effects of Systemic Racism in Health
Frederick P. Rivara, MD, MPH; Stephan D. Fihn, MD, MPH
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2016825. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.16825
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Invited Commentary
Historically Black Universities and Medical Colleges—Responding to the Call for Justice
Danielle Laraque-Arena, MD
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2015246. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15246
PSYCHIATRY
Ellen E. Fitzsimmons-Craft, PhD; C. Barr Taylor, MD; Andrea K. Graham, PhD; et al.
This cluster randomized clinical trial examines whether a coached, digital, cognitive behavior therapy intervention improves outcomes for college women with eating disorders compared with referral to usual care.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2015633. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15633
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Invited Commentary
Increasing Access for the Treatment of Eating Disorders Among College Students
Jess P. Shatkin, MD, MPH
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2016117. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.16117
GERIATRICS
Namkee G. Choi, PhD; C. Nathan Marti, PhD; Nancy L. Wilson, MA, MSW; et al.
This randomized clinical trial examines the effectiveness of depression treatment tele-delivered by lay counselors compared with by clinicians or an attention control among older adults who are homebound.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2015648. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15648
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Invited Commentary
Evidence, Efficacy, and Economics—A Better Path Forward for US Health Care
Louise Aronson, MD
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2016118. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.16118
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Joël Belmin, MD, PhD; Nathavy Um-Din, MSc; Cristiano Donadio, MD; et al.
This cohort study examines coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes in nursing homes where staff self-confined with residents compared with overall national outcomes in France.
has active quiz
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2017533. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17533
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Brendan T. Crabb, BS; Ann Lyons, PhD, RN; Margaret Bale, BA, MPH; et al.
This cohort study compares the performance of International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes specific for fever, cough, and dyspnea with electronic medical record review for patients tested for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
has active quiz
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2017703. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17703
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Baligh R. Yehia, MD, MPP; Angela Winegar, PhD; Richard Fogel, MD; et al.
This cohort study evaluates the association of race with all-cause, in-hospital mortality among patients with coronavirus disease 2019, adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical factors.
has active quiz
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2018039. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.18039
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Invited Commentary
Race Disparities in the COVID-19 Pandemic—Solutions Lie in Policy, Not Biology
L. Ebony Boulware, MD, MPH
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2018696. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.18696
ORTHOPEDICS
Xiaoyang Jia, MD; Kun Zhang, MD; Minfei Qiang, MD; et al.
This cohort study uses data from a level 1 trauma center database to evaluate the association of computer-assisted virtual preoperative planning with the risk of 90-day all-cause mortality and postoperative complications among older patients with intertrochanteric hip fractures in China.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e205830. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.5830
PUBLIC HEALTH
Helen H. Lee, MD, MPH; Luis Faundez, MA, PhD; Anthony T. LoSasso, PhD
This cross-sectional study of Medicaid-enrolled children from 5 US states evaluates whether access to community water fluoridation is associated with decreased prevalence of dental surgery under general anesthesia.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e205882. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.5882
PSYCHIATRY
Cory R. Weissman, MD; Daniel M. Blumberger, MD, MSc; Julia Dimitrova, MSc; et al.
This nonrandomized controlled trial examines the association of magnetic seizure therapy with suicidality in patients with treatment-resistant depression.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e207434. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.7434
HEALTH POLICY
Laura G. Burke, MD, MPH; Ryan C. Burke, PhD, MPH; Stephen K. Epstein, MD, MPP; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines trends in total standardized 30-day costs of care associated with an emergency department visit among Medicare beneficiaries.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e208229. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8229
ONCOLOGY
Yang-Si Li, MD; Mei-Mei Zheng, MD; Ben-Yuan Jiang, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines the association of molecular alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with the survival of patients with a diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma and central nervous system (CNS) metastases.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e209077. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.9077
GERIATRICS
Armin Shahrokni, MD, MPH; Amy L. Tin, MA; Saman Sarraf, MD; et al.
This cohort study examines outcomes associated with geriatric comanaged perioperative care vs care managed by the surgery team alone among patients aged 75 years and older with cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e209265. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.9265
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Invited Commentary
Geriatric Comanagement: A Secret Ingredient of the Elusive Recipe
Nicole M. Saur, MD; Isacco Montroni, MD, PhD
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e209460. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.9460
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
L. Nelson Sanchez-Pinto, MD, MBI; Emily K. Stroup, BS; Tricia Pendergrast, BA; et al.
This cohort study determines whether data-driven phenotypes of MODS based on the trajectory of 6 organ dysfunctions have prognostic and therapeutic relevance in critically ill children.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e209271. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.9271
HEALTH POLICY
Ishani Ganguli, MD, MPH; E. John Orav, PhD; Claire Lupo, BBA; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines the patient and visit characteristics associated with online portal-based scheduling of medical visits.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e209637. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.9637