CARDIOLOGY
Zachary J. Rhinehart, MD; Ellen Kinnee, MS; Utibe R. Essien, MD, MPH; et al.
This cohort study assesses the association between annual, residential-level exposure to fine particulate matter and ischemic stroke in individuals with atrial fibrillation.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2011760. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11760
ONCOLOGY
Peey-Sei Kok, MClinTRes; Doah Cho, MMed(Clin Epi); Won-Hee Yoon, MBBS; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis examines models using 6-month progression-free survival or objective response rate to estimate overall survival at 12 months in immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) randomized clinical trials.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2011809. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11809
ONCOLOGY
Yusuke Inoue, MD, PhD; Katsuhiro Yoshimura, MD, PhD; Koji Nishimoto, MD, PhD; et al.
This cohort study evaluates whether the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) gene copy number gains, comprising amplification and polysomy, in pretreatment specimens are associated with response to nivolumab monotherapy in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2011818. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11818
STATISTICS AND RESEARCH METHODS
Hillary J. Mull, PhD, MPH; Kelly L. Stolzmann, MS; Marlena H. Shin, JD, MPH; et al.
This cohort study describes the development of an algorithm to identify cardiac implantable device infections using coded and free-text data from the Veterans Health Administration’s electronic medical record.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2012264. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12264
HEALTH POLICY
Zachary R. Murphy, MA; Jiangxia Wang, MS; Michael V. Boland, MD, PhD
This cross-sectional quality improvement study assesses whether electronic health record implementation above meaningful use thresholds is associated with changes in hospital patient satisfaction, efficiency, and safety.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2012529. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12529
PEDIATRICS
Eric Potash, PhD; Rayid Ghani, MS; Joe Walsh, PhD; et al.
This prognostic study validates a machine learning (random forest) prediction model of elevated blood lead levels by comparing with a parsimonious logistic regression among children in a Women, Infants, and Children cohort.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2012734. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12734
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
Fleur P. Paling, MD; Derek Hazard, MSc; Marc J. M. Bonten, MD, PhD; et al.
This cohort study analyzes the association of Staphylococcus aureus colonization status with the occurrence of S aureus pneumonia among European patients in the intensive care unit.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2012741. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12741
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
Janet K. Freburger, PT, PhD; Aileen Chou, PT, DPT; Tracey Euloth, MPT; et al.
This cohort study evaluates whether the use of physical and occupational therapy in the acute care hospital is associated with 30-day hospital readmission risk or death.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2012979. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12979
STATISTICS AND RESEARCH METHODS
Jan Vollert, PhD; Nancy R. Cook, ScD; Ted J. Kaptchuk; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines subjective vs objective responses to placebo administration in clinical trials on patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2013196. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13196
PSYCHIATRY
Katharina Goessmann, MSc; Hawkar Ibrahim, PhD, MSc; Frank Neuner, PhD
This cross-sectional study evaluates the associations between Yazidi women’s experiences of violence (ie, war violence, partner violence, enslavement) and their mental health.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2013418. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13418
HEALTH POLICY
John Muench, MD, MPH; Katie Fankhauser, MPH; Robert W. Voss, MS; et al.
This cross-sectional study evaluates opioid prescribing patterns from 2009 to 2018 in a network of community health centers that frequently treat low-income patients in the US.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2013431. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13431
ONCOLOGY
Sudeep Banerjee, MD, MAS; Abhishek Kumar, MD, MAS; Nicole Lopez, MD; et al.
This economic evaluation examines the cost-effectiveness of targeted gene testing for tailored first-line treatment among patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST).
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2013565. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13565
GERIATRICS
Yanjun Ma, BA; Lirong Liang, MD; Fanfan Zheng, PhD; et al.
This pooled cohort study investigates the association between sleep duration and cognitive decline in a combined analysis of 2 nationally representative aging cohorts.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2013573. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13573
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Invited Commentary
Sleep Duration and Cognitive Aging—Beyond a U-Shaped Association
Yue Leng, MD, PhD; Kristine Yaffe, MD
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2014008. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.14008
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
Manu Shankar-Hari, MSc, MD, PhD; Gordon D. Rubenfeld, MD, MSc; Paloma Ferrando-Vivas, PhD; et al.
This cohort study uses data from the Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre Case Mix Programme database to derive and validate a parsimonious prognostic score for unplanned rehospitalizations or death in the first year after hospital discharge of adult sepsis survivors.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2013580. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13580
PEDIATRICS
Ying Sun, MD; Jiao Fang, MS; Yuhui Wan, MD; et al.
This cohort study evaluates the association of exposure to threat-related and deprivation-related early-life adversity with metrics of biological aging among boys and girls with specific genetic backgrounds around the period of pubertal onset.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2013588. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13588
ONCOLOGY
Chelsea C. Pinnix, MD, PhD; Jillian R. Gunther, MD, PhD; Penny Fang, MD; et al.
This case series study investigates the radiation doses delivered to organs at risk with modern involved-site radiation therapy among patients with early-stage favorable Hodgkin lymphoma treated with 20 Gy after 2 cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD).
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2013935. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13935
ONCOLOGY
Kota Fujii, MD; Katsuyuki Sakanaka, MD, PhD; Ryuji Uozumi, PhD; et al.
This cohort study assesses whether chemoradiotherapy is associated with thoracic vertebral fractures in patients with esophageal cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2013952. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13952
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Invited Commentary
Characterizing the Risk of Vertebral Body Fractures in Patients Receiving Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer
Cristina DeCesaris, MD; Avani D. Rao, MD
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2014340. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.14340
GERIATRICS
Hongguo Rong, PhD; Xiaozhen Lai, BS; Rize Jing, MPH; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines the association of visual and/or hearing impairments with cognitive decline and depression among older adults in China.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2014186. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.14186
NEUROLOGY
Shawna Abel, MSc; Irene Vavasour, PhD; Lisa Eunyoung Lee, MSc; et al.
This cross-sectional study uses myelin water imaging to examine participants with multiple sclerosis as well as controls to see whether advanced imaging can show myelin damage that does not appear on standard imaging.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2014220. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.14220
HEALTH POLICY
Hyunjee Kim, PhD; Thomas H. A. Meath, MPH; Felix W. Tran, MPH; et al.
This cohort study analyzes Medicare claims data to assess whether changes in joint replacement care are associated with Medicare’s Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement (CJR) model among White, Black, and Hispanic patients.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2014475. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.14475
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Christian Lee-Rodriguez, MD; Paul Y. Wada, MD; Yun-Yi Hung, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines the risk of mortality and years of potential life lost among patients with active tuberculosis disease compared with individuals without active tuberculosis.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2014481. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.14481
ORTHOPEDICS
Ivar Magne Austevoll, MD; Rolf Gjestad, PhD; Tore Solberg, MD, PhD; et al.
This comparative effectiveness study evaluates whether the effectiveness of microdecompression alone is noninferior to decompression with instrumented fusion in a real-world setting among patients with lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2015015. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15015
HEALTH POLICY
Mary G. Krauland, PhD; Robert J. Frankeny, MSIS; Josh Lewis, BA; et al.
This decision analytical model describes the use of a semisynthetic population to identify the distribution of excess cardiovascular death risk and its correlation with social and biological risk factors.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2015047. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15047
MEDICAL EDUCATION
S. Michelle Ogunwole, MD; Michael Dill, MPAP; Karen Jones, MApStat; et al.
This secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study of internal medicine faculty and medical school matriculants assesses diversity trends in the academic internal medicine workforce and evaluates how well these trends reflect medical student diversity and the changing demographic composition of the general population.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2015205. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15205
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Invited Commentary
Diversity in Medical Faculty and Students
Said A. Ibrahim, MD, MPH, MBA
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2015326. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15326
HEALTH POLICY
Timothy S. Anderson, MD, MAS; Samuel Leonard, MS; Alysandra J. Zhang, BA; et al.
This serial cross-sectional study examines rates of low-value carotid imaging orders in the Veterans Health Administration before and after the release of the Choosing Wisely campaign.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2015250. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15250
Amy L. Proskovec, PhD; Michael T. Rezich, BS; Jennifer O’Neill, BSN; et al.
This cross-sectional study investigates the association of DNA methylation–based biological age with cortical thickness and assesses whether a biological age acceleration index compared with chronological age captures unique variance in cortical thinning.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2015428. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15428
ONCOLOGY
Minjoung M. Koo, PhD; Georgios Lyratzopoulos, MD; Annie Herbert, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines the common presenting symptoms of cancer in adolescents and young adults aged 12 to 24 years and the potential variation in time to help-seeking by presenting symptom.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2015437. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15437
ONCOLOGY
Saber Amin, MD, PhD; Michael J. Baine, MD, PhD; Jane L. Meza, PhD; et al.
This comparative effectiveness study explores the association of immunotherapy with overall survival in patients with cancer and brain metastases who received definitive surgery of the primary tumor site.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2015444. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15444
HEALTH POLICY
Jun Li, PhD; Mingyu Qi, MS; Rachel M. Werner, PhD, MD
This cross-sectional study examines Medicare patients who were discharged from the hospital with a home health care referral in 2016 and the rates at which home health care was actually received.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2015470. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15470
GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
George N. Ioannou, MD; Weijing Tang, MA; Lauren A. Beste, MD, MSc; et al.
This prognostic study examines whether deep learning recurrent neural network (RNN) models that use raw longitudinal data extracted directly from electronic health records outperform conventional regression models in predicting the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2015626. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15626
ALLERGY
Yiting Chen, MD; Jianzhen Zhu, MD; Jiajun Lyu, MD; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines the incidence of childhood allergies in women with varying levels of prepregnancy weight and gestational weight gain.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2015643. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15643
HEALTH POLICY
Justin T. Moyers, MD; Amie Patel, DO; Wendy Shih, DrPh; et al.
This cohort study examines the sociodemographic factors associated with immunotherapy receipt in patients with metastatic melanoma in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in the US.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2015656. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15656
PSYCHIATRY
Samantha A. Cooper, MPH; Benjamin R. Szymanski, PhD; Kipling M. Bohnert, PhD; et al.
This cohort study uses data from the Mortality Data Repository to examine the association between positive results on the Primary Care–Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Screen and the risk of suicide mortality among veterans receiving care in the US Veterans Administration health system.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2015707. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15707
IMAGING
Jeffrey G. Jarvik, MD, MPH; Eric N. Meier, MS; Kathryn T. James, MPH; et al.
This randomized clinical trial evaluates the impact of including benchmark prevalence data in routine spinal imaging reports on subsequent spine-related health care utilization and opioid prescriptions.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2015713. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15713
PUBLIC HEALTH
Moosa Tatar, MA; Susana W. Keeshin, MD; Mark Mailliard, MD; et al.
This economic evaluation analyzes the cost-effectiveness of 2 hepatitis C screening programs, a program targeting people who inject drugs and a universal program for US adults, and compares outcomes with the status quo in a Monte Carlo microsimulation.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2015756. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15756
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Invited Commentary
Gaps in Descriptive Epidemiology and Hepatitis C Virus Modeling Research
Eric W. Hall, PhD, MPH; Heather Bradley, PhD, MHS
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2016120. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.16120
GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
Shirley Cohen-Mekelburg, MD, MS; Sameer D. Saini, MD, MS; Sarah L. Krein, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines the fragmentation and dispersion of primary and specialist care along with care outcomes among patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated in the Veterans Health Administration health care system.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2015899. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15899
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Invited Commentary
Fragmentation, Care Models, and Improving Outcomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
David I. Fudman, MD; Jason K. Hou, MD, MS
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2016122. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.16122
SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION
Sarah A. Palumbo, BS; Kayleigh M. Adamson, BS; Sarathbabu Krishnamurthy, MS; et al.
This cross-sectional study evaluated whether proxy measures from electronic health record data can be used reliably to identify patients with probable opioid use disorder based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) criteria.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2015909. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15909
SURGERY
C. Ann Vitous, MA, MPH; Sara M. Jafri, BS; Claire Seven; et al.
This qualitative study evaluates the systematic application of the Theoretical Domains Framework to explore motivations and behaviors associated with surgical decision-making in abdominal wall hernia practice.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2015916. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15916
NEUROLOGY
Dawn M. Bravata, MD; Laura J. Myers, PhD; Anthony J. Perkins, MS; et al.
This nonrandomized cluster trial with matched controls implements the Protocol-Guided Rapid Evaluation of Veterans Experiencing New Transient Neurological Symptoms (PREVENT) intervention to improve transient ischemic attack quality of care.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2015920. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15920
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Invited Commentary
A Learning Health Care System–Based Approach for Improving Quality of Care Among Patients With Transient Ischemic Attack
Farhaan S. Vahidy, PhD, MBBS, MPH
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2016123. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.16123
IMAGING
Yihuai Hu, MD; Chenyi Xie, MD; Hong Yang, MD, PhD; et al.
This diagnostic study assesses the use of intratumoral and peritumoral computed tomography (CT) radiomics for predicting pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2015927. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15927
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Invited Commentary
Peritumoral Radiomics and Predicting Treatment Response
Ruijiang Li, PhD
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2016125. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.16125
CARDIOLOGY
Ziad Hijazi, MD, PhD; Jonas Oldgren, MD, PhD; Johan Lindbäck, MSc; et al.
This cohort study evaluates whether the ABC (age, biomarkers, and clinical history)–bleeding risk score might be useful to identify patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who have different risks of bleeding during concomitant aspirin and anticoagulation therapy.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2015943. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15943
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Invited Commentary
Integrating the ABC-Bleeding Risk Score Into Practice
Celina M. Yong, MD, MBA, MSc; John A. Bittl, MD
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2016126. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.16126
PUBLIC HEALTH
Mika Kivimäki, PhD; Archana Singh-Manoux, PhD; G. David Batty, DSc; et al.
This cohort study examines the association of overall consumption of alcohol and resultant loss of consciousness with risk for dementia.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2016084. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.16084
CARDIOLOGY
Elaine Ku, MD, MAS; Charles E. McCulloch, PhD; Patrick Ahearn, MD; et al.
This cohort study examines trends in cardiovascular mortality in children and young adults initiating dialysis between 1995 and 2015.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2016197. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.16197
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
Graeme Eisenhofer, PhD; Claudio Durán, MS; Carlo Vittorio Cannistraci, PhD; et al.
This diagnostic study assesses whether plasma steroid profiling combined with machine learning facilitates diagnosis and treatment stratification of patients with primary aldosteronism, particularly those with unilateral adenomas due to pathogenic KCNJ5 sequence variants.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2016209. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.16209
PUBLIC HEALTH
Meredith S. Shiels, PhD; Zaria Tatalovich, PhD; Yingxi Chen, MD, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study compared patterns and trends in drug poisoning, suicide, and alcohol-induced premature death rates by geography and demographic characteristics.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2016217. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.16217
CARDIOLOGY
Xiaojun He, MD, PhD; Qiang Wang, MD, PhD; Yannan Zhao, PhD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial evaluates the safety and feasibility of a collagen gel vehicle for mesenchymal stromal cell treatment, compared with cell treatment alone and no cell treatment, in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2016236. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.16236
PSYCHIATRY
Chandru Ravindran, MS; Sybil W. Morley, MPH; Brady M. Stephens, MS; et al.
This cohort study investigates the risk factors in suicides that occur after separation from active military service among US veterans.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2016261. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.16261
DIABETES AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
Judith A. Long, MD; Valerie S. Ganetsky, PharmD, MSc; Anne Canamucio, MS; et al.
This randomized clinical trial assesses the effects of a peer support intervention for improving glycemic control vs usual care on hemoglobin A1c levels in US veterans with diabetes.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2016369. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.16369
HEALTH POLICY
Sean Dickson, JD, MPH
This cross-sectional study uses data from the Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data files to examine the association of existing inflation penalties with manufacturer pricing behavior in the Medicare Part D program and changes in Medicare pharmacy expenditures between 2013 and 2017.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2016388. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.16388
HEALTH POLICY
Thomas R. Radomski, MD, MS; Robert Feldman, MS; Yan Huang, MS; et al.
This cohort study assesses the frequency and variation in low-value diagnostic testing for low back pain, headache, syncope, and sinusitis in the Veterans Health Administration.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2016445. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.16445
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
Chinghui Jean Hsieh, PhD; Gerben DeJong, PhD; Michele Vita, DPT; et al.
This randomized clinical trial compares outpatient rehabilitation for total knee arthroplasty among patients receiving 4 kinds of physical therapy.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2016571. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.16571
GERIATRICS
Elizabeth M. Cespedes Feliciano, ScD; Chancellor Hohensee, MA; Ashley E. Rosko, MD; et al.
This cohort study investigates associations of prediagnostic frailty and change in frailty status with mortality after cancer diagnosis.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2016747. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.16747
NEPHROLOGY
Yun Han, PhD; Rajesh Balkrishnan, PhD; Richard A. Hirth, PhD; et al.
This cohort study assesses national trends and geographic variations in use of opioids and prescription nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in Medicare patients aged 65 years or older with and without chronic kidney disease in the US (2006-2015) and examines associations between use of opioids and patient outcomes.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2016839. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.16839
ONCOLOGY
Aaron N. Winn, PhD, MPP; Devon K. Check, PhD; Amy Farkas, MD, MS; et al.
This cohort study examines rates and estimated risk of adverse drug events associated with opioid use in the year after cancer treatment among older adults who survived breast cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2016858. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.16858
PHARMACY AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Haridarshan Patel, PharmD, PhD; Gregory S. Calip, PharmD, MPH, PhD; Robert J. DiDomenico, PharmD; et al.
This observational cohort study compares the odds of cardiac events among new users of azithromycin relative to new users of amoxicillin using real-world data.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2016864. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.16864
SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION
Vivian F. Go, PhD; Heidi E. Hutton, PhD; Tran V. Ha, MD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial compares the efficacy of 2 scalable antiretroviral clinic–based interventions on alcohol use and viral suppression among adults with hazardous alcohol use and HIV in Vietnam.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2017115. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17115
ONCOLOGY
Vasily Giannakeas, MPH; Victoria Sopik, MSc; Steven A. Narod, MD
This cohort study examines risk of dying of breast cancer among women with ductal carcinoma in situ compared with women in the general population.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2017124. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17124
ONCOLOGY
Ton Wang, MD; Nicole Mott, BS; Jacquelyn Miller, MA; et al.
This qualitative study evaluates older women’s preferences for sentinel lymph node biopsy and radiotherapy in the setting of guidelines recommending them or allowing for their omission.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2017129. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17129
IMAGING
Hyunsuk Yoo, MD; Ki Hwan Kim, MD, PhD; Ramandeep Singh, MD; et al.
This diagnostic study uses data from participants in the National Lung Screening Trial to assess the performance of a deep learning–based nodule detection algorithm for the detection of lung cancer on chest radiographs.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2017135. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17135
NEPHROLOGY
Pietro Ravani, MD, PhD; Rob Quinn, MD; Marta Fiocco, MD, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines the competing risks of death and kidney failure in an aging population with or without age-related comorbid conditions.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2017150. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17150
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Invited Commentary
How Useful Is an Age-Neutral Model of Chronic Kidney Disease?
Ann M. O’Hare, MA, MD
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2017592. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17592
NEUROLOGY
Maria Gabriela Figueiro Longo, MD, MSc; Can Ozan Tan, PhD; Suk-tak Chan, PhD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial evaluates the effect of near-infrared low-level light therapy in patients with traumatic brain injury from the time of injury until 3 months after the injury.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2017337. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17337
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Invited Commentary
Transcranial Low–Level Light Therapy: A New Hope for Preventing Cognitive Consequences of Traumatic Brain Injuries?
Juliana Belo Diniz, MD, PhD
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2017366. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17366
NEUROLOGY
Elissa Ye, MSc; Haoqi Sun, PhD; Michael J. Leone, MSc; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines a sleep electroencephalography-based brain age index as a potential biomarker associated with dementia.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2017357. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17357
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
Bo-Yi Yang, MD, PhD; Li-Wen Hu, PhD; Bin Jalaludin, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study uses the normalized difference vegetation index and the soil-adjusted vegetation index to examine the associations between the level of residential greenness, the presence of cardiometabolic disorders, and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease among adults in China.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2017507. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17507
CARDIOLOGY
Makoto Mori, MD; Lynn Wilson, RN; Ayyaz Ali, MD, PhD; et al.
This pre-post cohort study describes changes in practice that markedly increased heart transplant volume at a single center, as well as associated patient characteristics and outcomes.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2017513. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17513
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Invited Commentary
Hardwiring Heart Transplant Volume Growth
Jason Bjelkengren, RN, BSN; Todd F. Dardas, MD, MS
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2017595. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17595
DIABETES AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
Juan P. Brito, MD, MSc; Joseph S. Ross, MD, MHS; Lindsey Sangaralingham, MPH; et al.
This cohort study compares the effectiveness of generic vs brand-name levothyroxine in achieving and maintaining normal thyrotropin levels among new users.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2017645. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17645
PSYCHIATRY
Jessica J. Laird, GradDip(Hons); Bianca Klettke, PhD; Kate Hall, DPsy; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis provide a synthesis of studies examining factors associated with child sexual exploitation and quantify their relative importance.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2017682. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17682
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Invited Commentary
A Developmental Trauma Perspective on Childhood Sexual Abuse
Julian D. Ford, PhD
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2018272. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.18272
GERIATRICS
Michèle Mattle, MSc, MPH; Patricia O. Chocano-Bedoya, MD, PhD; Melanie Fischbacher, MSc; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses the association of dance-based mind-motor activities with falls and physical function among healthy older adults.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2017688. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17688
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
Matthew A. Warner, MD; Andrew C. Hanson, BS; Ryan D. Frank, MS; et al.
This cohort study examines the presence of anemia in critically ill patients and outcomes after discharge.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2017843. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17843
PEDIATRICS
Leigh G. Goetschius, MS; Tyler C. Hein, MD; Sara S. McLanahan, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines functional connectivity in adolescents who were exposed to violence during childhood.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2017850. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17850
GENETICS AND GENOMICS
Gregory Costain, MD, PhD; Susan Walker, PhD; Maria Marano, MD; et al.
This cohort study evaluates the analytical and clinical validity of genome sequencing as a comprehensive diagnostic genetic test for children with medical complexity.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2018109. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.18109
PEDIATRICS
Jean-Christophe Rozé, MD, PhD; Pierre-Yves Ancel, MD, PhD; Laetitia Marchand-Martin, MSc, PhD; et al.
This cohort study of 577 very preterm newborns across 24 neonatal intensive care units from a French nationwide cohort investigates associations among practice strategies, gut microbiota, and outcomes at 2 years.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2018119. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.18119
HEALTH POLICY
Anuj Arora, MD; Yuvreet Kaur, BSc; Fahima Dossa, MD; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines the proportion of female speakers at medical conferences and the factors associated with their representation as speakers overall, by specialty, and by region.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2018127. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.18127
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Invited Commentary
Underrepresentation of Women at Academic Medical Conferences—“Manels” Must Stop
Melina R. Kibbe, MD; Muneera R. Kapadia, MD
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2018676. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.18676
GLOBAL HEALTH
Roberto Tapia-Conyer, MD; Jesus Alegre-Díaz, MD; Louisa Gnatiuc, MSc; et al.
This cohort study of Mexican adults aged 35 to 74 years examines the association of elevated blood pressure with excess mortality rates, particularly for individuals with diabetes.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2018141. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.18141
HEALTH POLICY
Salma M. Abdalla, MBBS, MPH; Shui Yu, MPH; Sandro Galea, DrPH, MPH, MD
This cross-sectional study examines the association between socioeconomic status and self-reported prevalence of congestive heart failure, angina, stroke, and heart attack among adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2018150. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.18150
CARDIOLOGY
Rikuta Hamaya, MD, MSc; Murray A. Mittleman, MD, DrPH; Masahiro Hoshino, MD; et al.
This cohort study investigates the extent to which post–percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) fractional flow reserve (FFR) mediates the association of pre-PCI FFR with vessel-related outcomes using an international, multicenter collaboration registry.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2018162. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.18162
CARDIOLOGY
Marysia S. Tweet, MD; Kathleen A. Young, MD; Patricia J. M. Best, MD; et al.
This nested case-control study uses data from the Mayo Clinic Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection Registry to investigate the association of pregnancy with spontaneous coronary artery dissection recurrence among women with a history of coronary artery dissection.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2018170. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.18170
PUBLIC HEALTH
Saroj Niraula, MD, MSc; Natalie Biswanger, BSc; PingZhao Hu, PhD; et al.
This population-based cohort study examines breast cancer–specific mortality rates associated with interval breast cancer compared with those of screen-detected breast cancers.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2018179. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.18179
GENETICS AND GENOMICS
Hana D’Souza, PhD; Luke Mason, PhD; Kin Y. Mok, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study investigates the associations between apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotype and attentional abilities across the life span of individuals with Down syndrome.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2018221. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.18221
ONCOLOGY
Ravi B. Parikh, MD, MPP; Kyle W. Robinson, MD; Sumedha Chhatre, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines the association of African American race with the receipt and duration of conservative management (ie, active surveillance or watchful waiting) in the Veterans Health Administration from 2004 to 2018.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2018318. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.18318
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
Jacopo Troisi, MSc, MBBS; Antonio Raffone, MD; Antonio Travaglino, MD; et al.
This diagnostic test validates a metabolomics-based classification algorithm as a screening test for endometrial carcinoma.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2018327. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.18327
PSYCHIATRY
Masanori Nagamine, MD, PhD; Erik J. Giltay, MD, PhD; Jun Shigemura, MD, PhD; et al.
This cohort study explores the long-term course of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and identifies risk factors and their relative association with posttraumatic stress disorder among first responders dispatched to the 2011 Japanese earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear disaster.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2018339. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.18339
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Invited Commentary
Estimating Psychiatric Outcomes in First Responders
Conor Liston, MD, PhD
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2018678. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.18678
PUBLIC HEALTH
Catherine K. Ettman, BA; Salma M. Abdalla, MD, MPH; Gregory H. Cohen, MPhil, MSW, PhD; et al.
This survey study examines the prevalence of depression symptoms among US adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic compared with before the pandemic.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2019686. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19686
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Invited Commentary
Mental Health Inequities in the Context of COVID-19
Ruth S. Shim, MD, MPH
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JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2020104. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.20104
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
David O. Meltzer, MD, PhD; Thomas J. Best, PhD; Hui Zhang, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines whether patients’ most recent vitamin D levels and treatment for insufficient vitamin D levels are associated with test results for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2019722. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19722
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Audio Editors' Summary:
Association of Vitamin D Status and Other Clinical Characteristics With COVID-19 Test Results
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Rafi Kabarriti, MD; N. Patrik Brodin, PhD; Maxim I. Maron, MSc; et al.
This cohort study investigates whether presenting comorbidities in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in New York City differed by race/ethnicity and whether case fatality rates varied among different ethnic and racial groups controlling for presenting comorbidities and other risk factors.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2019795. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19795
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Invited Commentary
Racism, Not Race, Drives Inequity Across the COVID-19 Continuum
Rohan Khazanchi, BA; Charlesnika T. Evans, PhD, MPH; Jasmine R. Marcelin, MD
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JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2019933. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19933
PUBLIC HEALTH
Song Gao, PhD; Jinmeng Rao, MS; Yuhao Kang, MS; et al.
This cross-sectional study uses anonymous mobile phone location data to examine travel and home dwell time patterns before and after enactment of stay-at-home orders in US states during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2020485. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.20485
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Audio Clinical Review:
Gyms, Restaurants, Mass Transit, and Community COVID-19 Exposures
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Xiaoyan Song, PhD; Meghan Delaney, DO; Rahul K. Shah, MD; et al.
This cohort study compares the clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with those of influenza A and B in US children.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2020495. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.20495
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Chanu Rhee, MD, MPH; Meghan Baker, MD, ScD; Vineeta Vaidya, MS; et al.
This cohort study evaluates the incidence of nosocomial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among patients admitted to a US medical center in the context of a comprehensive and progressive infection control program.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2020498. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.20498
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
L. Silvia Muñoz-Price, MD, PhD; Ann B. Nattinger, MD, MPH; Frida Rivera, MD, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study characterizes the association of race with incidence and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), while controlling for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and comorbidities.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2021892. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.21892
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Invited Commentary
Racism, Not Race, Drives Inequity Across the COVID-19 Continuum
Rohan Khazanchi, BA; Charlesnika T. Evans, PhD, MPH; Jasmine R. Marcelin, MD
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JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2019933. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19933
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
Brody H. Foy, DPhil; Jonathan C. T. Carlson, MD, PhD; Erik Reinertsen, MD, PhD; et al.
This cohort study assesses the potential use of red blood cell distribution width for risk stratification of patients with coronavirus disease 2019.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2022058. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.22058
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
George N. Ioannou, BMBCh, MS; Emily Locke, MPH; Pamela Green, PhD; et al.
This cohort study identifies excess risk and risk factors associated with hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, and mortality in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
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JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2022310. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.22310
ONCOLOGY
Susan Y. Wu, MD; Ann A. Lazar, PhD, MS; Matthew A. Gubens, MD; et al.
This nonrandomized clinical trial examines the inclusion of National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines in a tool used by patients with non–small cell lung cancer to facilitate decision-making.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e209750. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.9750