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February 2023 - May 2018

Decade

Year

Issue

October 2021, Vol 4, No. 10

open access Original Investigation

CARDIOLOGY

Effect of Financial Incentives for Process, Outcomes, or Both on Cholesterol Level Change: A Randomized Clinical Trial

This randomized clinical trial evaluates the use of financial incentives to improve adherence to statin therapy and achieve a decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in individuals at risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2121908. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21908
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

MEDICAL EDUCATION

Perspectives of Stakeholders About an Early Result Acceptance Program to Complement the Residency Match in Obstetrics and Gynecology

This survey study examines perspectives among stakeholders in obstetrics and gynecology regarding the potential for an early decision process to complement the current residency match process.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2124158. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.24158
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PUBLIC HEALTH

Analysis of Reported Health Care Use by Sexual Orientation Among Youth

This cohort study examines health care utilization indicators for lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) youth and non-LGB youth.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2124647. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.24647
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

NEUROLOGY

Association of Infectious Mononucleosis in Childhood and Adolescence With Risk for a Subsequent Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis Among Siblings

This cohort study assesses the association of hospital-diagnosed infectious mononucleosis in childhood and adolescence with risk of a multiple sclerosis diagnosis in young adults using national population registers in Sweden.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2124932. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.24932
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

HEALTH INFORMATICS

A Continuously Benchmarked and Crowdsourced Challenge for Rapid Development and Evaluation of Models to Predict COVID-19 Diagnosis and Hospitalization

This diagnostic and prognostic study describes the development and evaluation of clinical algorithms to predict COVID-19 diagnosis and hospitalization using patient data by citizen scientists, provides an assessment of model performance, and benchmarks model performance on subgroups.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2124946. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.24946
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PEDIATRICS

Association of Mode of Obstetric Delivery With Child and Adolescent Body Composition

This cohort study investigates associations between the mode of obstetric delivery and body composition measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry among offspring during middle childhood and early adolescence.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2125161. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.25161
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

NEUROLOGY

Association of Regional White Matter Hyperintensities With Longitudinal Alzheimer-Like Pattern of Neurodegeneration in Older Adults

This cohort study examines whether white matter hyperintensity volume is associated with cortical thinning and subsequent memory functioning and whether the association between white matter hyperintensity volume and cortical thinning differs among racial and ethnic groups.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2125166. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.25166
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PEDIATRICS

Comparison of Publication of Pediatric Probiotic vs Antibiotic Trials Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov

This cross-sectional study compares the proportion of published registered trials that evaluate the use of pediatric probiotics vs those that evaluate the use of routinely used pediatric antibiotics.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2125236. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.25236
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PEDIATRICS

Birth Volume and Geographic Distribution of US Hospitals With Obstetric Services From 2010 to 2018

This cohort study examines the geographic distribution, proximity, and urban adjacency of US obstetric hospitals by annual birth volume from 2010 to 2018.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2125373. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.25373
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

ONCOLOGY

Assessment of Alectinib vs Ceritinib in ALK-Positive Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer in Phase 2 Trials and in Real-world Data

This comparative effectiveness research study examines the effectiveness of alectinib vs ceritinib in terms of overall survival in patients with ALK-positive, crizotinib-refractory, non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2126306. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.26306
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PUBLIC HEALTH

A 10-Year Social Media Analysis Exploring Hospital Online Support of Black Lives Matter and the Black Community

This cohort study examines how and when US hospitals have expressed public-facing support for the Black community on social media.

has active quiz
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2126714. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.26714
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF CME & MOC

CARDIOLOGY

Assessment of Hypertension Control Among Adults Participating in a Mobile Technology Blood Pressure Self-management Program

This cohort study examines whether engagement with a hypertension self-management program with a blood pressure monitor and connected smartphone application was associated with blood pressure control among US adults.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2127008. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27008
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

ONCOLOGY

Assessment of Breathomics Testing Using High-Pressure Photon Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry to Detect Esophageal Cancer

This diagnostic study investigates whether breathomics can detect esophageal cancer among patients without a previous diagnosis of cancer using high-pressure photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2127042. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27042
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Association of Serum Ferritin Levels and Methylprednisolone Treatment With Outcomes in Nonintubated Patients With Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia

This cohort study examines serum ferritin levels as a potential biomarker associated with response to methylprednisolone among nonintubated patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2127172. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27172
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

ONCOLOGY

Development of a Molecular Assay for Detection and Quantification of the BRAF Variation in Residual Tissue From Thyroid Nodule Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Specimens

This diagnostic study develops and tests a sensitive molecular assay for BRAF V600E variation detection in the remaining tissue from fine-needle aspiration biopsies of thyroid nodules.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2127243. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27243
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

NEPHROLOGY

External Validation of a Prediction Model for Acute Kidney Injury Following Noncardiac Surgery

This cohort study externally validates the Simple Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury Risk (SPARK) index for prediction of acute kidney injury among patients undergoing noncardiac surgery.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2127362. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27362
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

NEPHROLOGY

Evaluation of Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Disparities in Initiation of Kidney Failure Treatment During the First 4 Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic

This cross-sectional study examines the volume of US adults initiating treatment for incident kidney failure across racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups during the first 4 months of the COVID-19 pandemic.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2127369. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27369
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY

Mode of Obstetric Delivery in Kidney and Liver Transplant Recipients and Associated Maternal, Neonatal, and Graft Morbidity During 5 Decades of Clinical Practice

This cohort study used data from the Transplant Pregnancy Registry International to assess associations between the mode of obstetrical delivery after kidney or liver transplant and maternal and neonatal morbidity.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2127378. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27378
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PUBLIC HEALTH

Diagnostic Yield of Population-Based Screening for Chronic Kidney Disease in Low-Income, Middle-Income, and High-Income Countries

This epidemiologic assessment of population-based cohorts investigates the change in treatment for chronic kidney disease associated with population-based screening compared with measuring blood pressure and assessing glycemia.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2127396. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27396
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PEDIATRICS

Community Hospice Nurses’ Perspectives on Needs, Preferences, and Challenges Related to Caring for Children With Serious Illness

This qualitative study assesses the opinions of community hospice nurses regarding the provision of hospice care for children with serious illness.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2127457. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27457
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

CARDIOLOGY

Association of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Agonistic Autoantibodies With Outcomes in Patients With Acute Aortic Dissection

This population-based cohort study assessed whether expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor agonistic autoantibodies is associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with aortic dissection.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2127587. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27587
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PEDIATRICS

Efficacy of Motivational Interviewing to Improve Utilization of Mental Health Services Among Youths With Chronic Medical Conditions: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial

This cluster randomized clinical trial examined the efficacy of pediatricians using motivational interviewing (MI) vs treatment as usual in increasing youths’ utilization of mental health care.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2127622. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27622
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

ONCOLOGY

Medical Service Use and Charges for Cancer Care in 2018 for Privately Insured Patients Younger Than 65 Years in the US

This cohort study uses 2018 data from the MarketScan database to characterize the most frequent medical services provided and the associated spending for privately insured patients with cancer in the US.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2127784. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27784
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

HEALTH POLICY

Association Between Crowdsourced Health Care Facility Ratings and Mortality in US Counties

This cross-sectional study examines the association between online ratings of health care facilities and mortality across US counties and identifies words specific to reviews with 1-star (lowest) and 5-star (highest) ratings in counties with low vs high mortality.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2127799. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27799
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

SURGERY

Effect of Immediate Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction After Mastectomy With and Without Acellular Dermal Matrix Among Women With Breast Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial

This randomized clinical trial compares the amount of reoperations that occur in implant-based breast reconstructions using an acellular dermal matrix vs reconstructions without matrices.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2127806. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27806
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PUBLIC HEALTH

Assessment of Rural-Urban and Geospatial Differences in Perceived Handgun Access and Reported Suicidality Among Youth in Colorado

This cross-sectional study examines the associations of rurality, self-reported ease of handgun access, and suicidality measures among high school students in Colorado.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2127816. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27816
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

HEALTH POLICY

Testing Practices, Interpretation, and Diagnostic Evaluation of Iron Deficiency Anemia by US Primary Care Physicians

This survey study uses hypothetical patient and clinical scenarios to assess how US primary care physicians (PCPs) approach screening for iron deficiency anemia, interpret iron laboratory studies, and refer patients with iron deficiency anemia for gastrointestinal endoscopy.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2127827. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27827
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE

Comparison of 2 Midline Catheter Devices With Differing Antithrombogenic Mechanisms for Catheter-Related Thrombosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

This randomized clinical trial evaluates whether thrombosis risk can be mitigated with the use of an alternative midline catheter with a chlorhexidine gluconate coating that reduces fibrin sheath development.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2127836. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27836
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

NUTRITION, OBESITY, AND EXERCISE

Association of Children’s Physical Activity and Screen Time With Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic

This cross-sectional survey study assesses the association of physical activity and screen time with the mental health of school-aged children in the US during the COVID-19 pandemic.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2127892. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27892
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PUBLIC HEALTH

Differences in Breast and Colorectal Cancer Screening Adherence Among Women Residing in Urban and Rural Communities in the United States

This cross-sectional study compares the prevalence of breast and colorectal cancer screening adherence and identifies factors associated with screening adherence among women residing in rural vs urban areas.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128000. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28000
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PSYCHIATRY

Associations of Maternal Diabetes During Pregnancy With Psychiatric Disorders in Offspring During the First 4 Decades of Life in a Population-Based Danish Birth Cohort

This cohort study investigates the associations between maternal diabetes diagnosed before or during pregnancy and 10 types of psychiatric disorders in offspring during the first 4 decades of life in a population-based Danish birth cohort.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128005. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28005
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

ONCOLOGY

Evaluation of Population-Level Changes Associated With the 2021 US Preventive Services Task Force Lung Cancer Screening Recommendations in Community-Based Health Care Systems

This cohort study examines the latest expansion of the lung cancer screening eligibility criteria for adults in the US.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128176. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28176
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

CARDIOLOGY

Variations in Quality of Care by Sex and Social Determinants of Health Among Younger Adults With Acute Myocardial Infarction in the US and Canada

This cohort study of young adults aged 55 years or younger with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the US and Canada examines whether quality of care for AMI is associated with sex, social determinants of health, and health care systems.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128182. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28182
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

NEPHROLOGY

Association of Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution With Kidney Transplant Outcomes

This cohort study investigates the association of exposure to ambient fine particulate matter air pollution with kidney transplant outcomes.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128190. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28190
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION

Characterization of Rookie Season Injury and Illness and Career Longevity Among National Basketball Association Players

This cohort study compares the incidence and rate ratio of injury and illness among rookie professional basketball players with veteran players and explores the association of sustaining an injury rookie season with career longevity.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128199. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28199
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

NEUROLOGY

Safety and Efficacy of Flexible-Dose Deutetrabenazine in Children and Adolescents With Tourette Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial

This randomized clinical trial examines whether deutetrabenazine is effective and safe when compared with placebo for the treatment of tics associated with Tourette syndrome in children and adolescents.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128204. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28204
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

ONCOLOGY

Assessment of Clinicopathological Characteristics and Development of an Individualized Prognostic Model for Patients With Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach

This prognostic study examines the clinicopathological characteristics and prognoses of patients with hepatoid adenocarcinoma and develops an individualized nomogram based on independently associated risk factors to predict overall survival among those with this distinct cancer subtype.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128217. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28217
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

NEUROLOGY

Association Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Brain White Matter Hyperintensities in a Population-Based Cohort in Germany

This cohort study assesses whether the increased burden of obstructive sleep apnea is associated with white matter hyperintensity load and investigates the influence of additional metabolic, vascular, and lifestyle white matter hyperintensity risk factors on this association.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128225. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28225
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

NEUROLOGY

Risk Factors and Time to Clinical Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis Among Patients With Radiologically Isolated Syndrome

This cohort study investigates risk factors associated with time to a multiple sclerosis clinical event among patients with radiologically isolated syndrome.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128271. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28271
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

SURGERY

Surgical Treatment of Postinfarction Ventricular Septal Rupture

This cohort study assesses the clinical characteristics and early outcomes for patients who received surgery for postinfarction ventricular septal rupture and identifies factors independently associated with mortality.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128309. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28309
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

ONCOLOGY

Association of Treatment Intensity With Survival in Older Patients With Hodgkin Lymphoma

This cohort study examines the association between treatment intensity and cause-specific mortality among older adults with Hodgkin lymphoma.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128373. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28373
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PUBLIC HEALTH

Preferences for More or Less Health Care and Association With Health Literacy of Men Eligible for Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening in Australia

This survey examines the association of preferences for more or less health care with informed choice among men in Australia eligible for prostate-specific antigen screening.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128380. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28380
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PEDIATRICS

Medical Outcomes, Quality of Life, and Family Perceptions for Outpatient vs Inpatient Neutropenia Management After Chemotherapy for Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia

This cohort study uses quantitative and qualitative methods to compare medical and quality of life outcomes among pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia receiving inpatient vs outpatient neutropenia management.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128385. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28385
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Coverage and Estimated Effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines Among US Veterans

This case-control study describes the scope of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccination rollout and estimates the association between vaccination and reductions in SARS-CoV-2 infections among veterans during the first 3 months of vaccine rollout.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128391. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28391
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

NEUROLOGY

Comparison of New Pharmacologic Agents With Triptans for Treatment of Migraine: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

This systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials compares outcomes associated with the use of lasmiditan, rimegepant, and ubrogepant vs triptans for acute management of migraine headaches.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128544. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28544
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PEDIATRICS

Analysis of Factors Associated With Body Mass Index at Ages 18 and 36 Months Among Infants Born Extremely Preterm

This cohort study investigates factors associated with body mass index in the first 36 months of life among infants born extremely preterm.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128555. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28555
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

IMAGING

Patient Perceptions and Knowledge of Ionizing Radiation From Medical Imaging

This survey study examines patients’ knowledge of radiation used in imaging procedures.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128561. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28561
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Short-term and Long-term Rates of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review

This systematic review estimates organ system–specific frequency and evolution of postacute sequelae of COVID-19 infection.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128568. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28568
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PUBLIC HEALTH

COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Access Among Black and Latinx Communities

This qualitative study examines factors associated with facilitating and obstructing COVID-19 vaccine access and acceptance among Black and Latinx communities.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128575. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28575
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Investigation of Bacterial Infections Among Patients Treated With Umbilical Cord Blood–Derived Products Marketed as Stem Cell Therapies

This case series examines bacterial infections in 20 patients who received umbilical cord blood–derived products marketed as stem cell treatment.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128615. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28615
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

GENETICS AND GENOMICS

Adoption of New Risk Stratification Technologies Within US Hospital Referral Regions and Association With Prostate Cancer Management

This cohort study assesses the association between the use of prostate magnetic resonance imaging and genomic testing and the initial management of prostate cancer.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128646. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28646
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Immunogenicity and Safety of a 3-Antigen Hepatitis B Vaccine vs a Single-Antigen Hepatitis B Vaccine: A Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial

This randomized clinical trial examines the manufacturing equivalence of a 3-antigen hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine and evaluates the noninferiority of its seroprotection rate vs a single-antigen HBV vaccine.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128652. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28652
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

ONCOLOGY

Effectiveness of a Psychosocial Care Quality Improvement Strategy to Address Quality of Life in Patients With Cancer: The HuCare2 Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial

This randomized clinical trial examines the use of psychosocial interventions in cancer treatment centers to improve patients’ health-related quality of life.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128667. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28667
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 After COVID-19 Screening and Mitigation Measures for Primary School Children Attending School in Liège, Belgium

This cohort study uses data from a primary school in Belgium to examine the possible role of children in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128757. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28757
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

SURGERY

Variation in Surgeon Proficiency Scores and Association With Digit Replantation Outcomes

This case series examines the association of a novel grading system for surgeon proficiency in digit replantation and revascularization procedures with patient outcomes.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128765. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28765
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

OPHTHALMOLOGY

Association of Docosahexaenoic Acid and Arachidonic Acid Serum Levels With Retinopathy of Prematurity in Preterm Infants

This cohort study evaluates the association of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid serum levels with the development of retinopathy of prematurity in extremely preterm infants.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128771. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28771
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

DIABETES AND ENDOCRINOLOGY

Trends in Insulin Types and Devices Used by Adults With Type 2 Diabetes in the United States, 2016 to 2020

This cross-sectional study characterizes trends in ambulatory insulin use, overall and based on insulin characteristics, among adults with type 2 diabetes in the United States from 2016 to 2020.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128782. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28782
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

HEALTH INFORMATICS

Analysis of Electronic Health Record Use and Clinical Productivity and Their Association With Physician Turnover

This cohort study evaluates the association of physician productivity and electronic health record (EHR) use patterns with physician turnover.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128790. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28790
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION

Incidence of Cigarette Smoking Relapse Among Individuals Who Switched to e-Cigarettes or Other Tobacco Products

This cohort study examines the relapse rates for adults who switched from smoking cigarettes to e-cigarettes or other tobacco products vs those who remained tobacco free.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128810. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28810
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

CARDIOLOGY

Comparison of Methods to Estimate Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Patients With High Triglyceride Levels

This cross-sectional study of patients with lipid distributions representative of the US population compares the accuracy of 3 low-density lipoprotein level estimation methods with triglyceride levels of 400 to 799 mg/dL.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128817. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28817
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

NEUROLOGY

Comparison of Spinal Cord Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features Among Children With Acquired Demyelinating Syndromes

This cohort study examines the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features and outcomes associated with spinal cord involvement in pediatric myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody–associated disease, multiple sclerosis, and seronegative monophasic myelitis.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128871. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28871
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

ANESTHESIOLOGY

Effect of Intraoperative Dexmedetomidine on Recovery of Gastrointestinal Function After Abdominal Surgery in Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial

This randomized clinical trial examines the effects of intraoperative dexmedetomidine vs placebo on postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function among older patients undergoing abdominal surgery.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128886. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28886
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

DIVERSITY, EQUITY, AND INCLUSION

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Rates of Invasive Second Breast Cancer Among Women With Ductal Carcinoma In Situ in Hawaiʻi

This cohort study uses data from the Hawaiʻi Tumor Registry to evaluate risk factors associated with developing invasive ipsilateral and contralateral second breast cancer among women from racial and ethnic minority populations with an initial diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128977. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28977
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

CARDIOLOGY

Association Between Baseline Diastolic Blood Pressure and the Efficacy of Intensive vs Standard Blood Pressure–Lowering Therapy

This cohort study evaluates whether there is an association of baseline diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and intensification of blood pressure–lowering therapy with all-cause death and cardiovascular events.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128980. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28980
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

CARDIOLOGY

Associations of Serum Uric Acid Levels With Macrovascular and Renal Microvascular Dysfunction Among Individuals From Sub-Saharan Africa

This cross-sectional study examines the association between serum uric acid levels and vascular dysfunction among individuals of sub-Saharan African ancestry.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128985. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28985
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE

Assessment of Discordance Between Physicians and Family Members Regarding Prognosis in Patients With Severe Acute Brain Injury

This cross-sectional study uses data from a single neuroscience center to assess for the presence of discordance between physicians and family members regarding prognosis in patients with severe acute brain injury.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128991. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28991
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

GERIATRICS

Intensification of Diabetes Medications at Hospital Discharge and Clinical Outcomes in Older Adults in the Veterans Administration Health System

This cohort study of older US veterans evaluated the association between intensification of home diabetes medications at hospital discharge and postdischarge outcomes.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128998. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28998
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PUBLIC HEALTH

Association of Timing of School Desegregation in the United States With Late-Life Cognition in the Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (STAR) Cohort

This cohort study assesses whether school desegregation experience or its timing is associated with cognitive function in middle or late life among Black individuals residing in Northern California.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2129052. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29052
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

GERIATRICS

Evaluation of the Cost-effectiveness of Drug Treatment for Alzheimer Disease in a Simulation Model That Includes Caregiver and Societal Factors

This economic evaluation describes how including different patient, caregiver, and societal treatment-related factors affects estimates of the cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical disease-modifying AD treatment.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2129392. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29392
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

NEUROLOGY

Efficacy and Safety of Fixed-Dose Deutetrabenazine in Children and Adolescents for Tics Associated With Tourette Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial

This randomized clinical trial investigates the effectiveness of fixed-dose deutetrabenazine for the management of tics associated with Tourette syndrome in children and adolescents.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2129397. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29397
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION

Trends in and Characteristics of Buprenorphine Misuse Among Adults in the US

This survey study examines buprenorphine misuse among US adults with and without opioid use disorder.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2129409. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29409
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

GLOBAL HEALTH

Estimating the Burden of Child Undernutrition for Smaller Electoral Units in India

This cross-sectional study estimates health and development indicators across micropolicy units using a newly developed method.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2129416. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29416
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Factors Associated With Treatment Failure in Moderately Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial

This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial assesses treatment failure risk factors in patients with community-acquired pneumonia who reached clinical stability after 3 days of β-lactam treatment.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2129566. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29566
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Association Between Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors and the Risk of Hospitalization or Death Among Patients With Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Disease and COVID-19

This cohort study uses data from 3 international registries to examine the association between the receipt of tumor necrosis factor monotherapy and the risk of COVID-19–associated hospitalization or death among adult patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.

has active quiz
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2129639. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29639
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF CME & MOC

HEALTH POLICY

Assessment of Out-of-Pocket Spending for COVID-19 Hospitalizations in the US in 2020

This cross-sectional study assesses out-of-pocket spending by privately insured and Medicare Advantage patients for COVD-19 hospitalizations in 2020.

has active quiz
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2129894. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29894
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF CME & MOC

PSYCHIATRY

Evaluation of the Recovery Engagement and Coordination for Health–Veterans Enhanced Treatment Suicide Risk Modeling Clinical Program in the Veterans Health Administration

This cohort study examines treatment engagement, health care utilization, and suicide-related outcomes associated with the Veterans Health Administration's Recovery Engagement and Coordination for Health–Veterans Enhanced Treatment (REACH VET) suicide risk modeling clinical program.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2129900. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29900
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Comparison of Sleep and Attention Metrics Among Nurses Working Shifts on a Forward- vs Backward-Rotating Schedule

This cohort study examines the association of shift rotation direction with tiredness, sleepiness, and sustained attention among nurses working forward- and backward-rotating shifts.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2129906. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29906
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PUBLIC HEALTH

Analysis of Suicide After Cancer Diagnosis by US County-Level Income and Rural vs Urban Designation, 2000-2016

This cohort study examines the risk of suicide among US individuals with a cancer diagnosis by income and in rural and urban settings.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2129913. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29913
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PEDIATRICS

Trends in Hospital Costs and Levels of Services Provided for Children With Bronchiolitis Treated in Children’s Hospitals

This cross-sectional study of more than 385 000 children hospitalized with bronchiolitis investigates the association of the complexity of a patient’s condition, illness severity, and diagnostic coding practices with bronchiolitis hospitalization costs.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2129920. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29920
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PEDIATRICS

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Subsequent Chronic Diseases Among Middle-aged or Older Adults in China and Associations With Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics

This cross-sectional study uses data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study to examine associations between adverse childhood experiences and chronic diseases later in life among adults in China.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130143. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30143
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PSYCHIATRY

Risk of Self-harm in Children and Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis reports the risk of self-harm, including self-injurious behaviors and suicidality, among pediatric and adult populations with autism spectrum disorder.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130272. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30272
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PSYCHIATRY

Trends and Disparities in Treatment for Co-occurring Major Depression and Substance Use Disorders Among US Adolescents From 2011 to 2019

This survey study examines temporal trends and sociodemographic disparities in the treatment of co-occurring major depression and substance use disorders among adolescents in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health from 2011 to 2019.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130280. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30280
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Rates of COVID-19–Associated Hospitalization, Intensive Care Unit Admission, and In-Hospital Death in the United States From March 2020 to February 2021

This cross-sectional study evaluates whether rates of COVID-19–associated hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, or in-hospital death are higher among racial and ethnic minority groups compared with non-Hispanic White persons.

has active quiz
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130479. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30479
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF CME & MOC

HEALTH POLICY

Factors Associated With Low-Value Cancer Screenings in the Veterans Health Administration

This cohort study assesses the rates and factors associated with outpatient low-value cancer screenings among nearly 6 million veterans who visited Veterans Health Administration primary clinics.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130581. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30581
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

UROLOGY

Real-world Cardiovascular Outcomes Associated With Degarelix vs Leuprolide for Prostate Cancer Treatment

This cohort study uses electronic health record and administrative claims data to emulate the ongoing PRONOUNCE trial, which compares the cardiovascular safety of degarelix and leuprolide in men with cardiovascular disease and advanced prostate cancer.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130587. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30587
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

ORTHOPEDICS

Extended Follow-up of Local Steroid Injection for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial

This randomized clinical trial assesses the long-term effects of local steroid injection on symptom severity and rates of subsequent surgery among patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130753. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30753
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

DIABETES AND ENDOCRINOLOGY

Association of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter–2 Inhibitors With Fracture Risk in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

This cohort study of older adults with type 2 diabetes examines the association of incident fracture with initiating a sodium-glucose cotransporter–2 inhibitor compared with initiating a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor or a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130762. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30762
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

HEALTH POLICY

Assessment of Perceptions of Mental Health vs Medical Health Plan Networks Among US Adults With Private Insurance

This survey study assesses how patients with private insurance perceive the adequacy of their health plan’s mental health and medical provider networks, whether practitioners frequently leave plans, and whether patients’ choice of plan depends on participation by a specific practitioner.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130770. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30770
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

Characteristics of the Residential Environment and Their Association With Depression in Hong Kong

This cohort study examines the rate of depression associated with residential livable space in Hong Kong.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130777. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30777
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PUBLIC HEALTH

Longitudinal Analysis of Neighborhood Food Environment and Diabetes Risk in the Veterans Administration Diabetes Risk Cohort

This cohort study examines the association between neighborhood food environment and risk of type 2 diabetes across different community types in the Veterans Administration Diabetes Risk (VADR) cohort.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130789. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30789
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PHARMACY AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Assessment of Stimulant Use and Cardiovascular Event Risks Among Older Adults

This cohort study investigates the association of prescription stimulant use with risk of cardiovascular events among adults aged 66 years and older.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130795. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30795
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

GLOBAL HEALTH

Evaluation of a COVID-19 Vaccine Campaign and SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Mortality Among Adults Aged 60 Years And Older in a Middle-Income Country

This cohort study examines the association of a COVID-19 vaccine campaign and SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality among adults aged 60 years and older in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

has active quiz
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130800. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30800
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF CME & MOC

OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY

Use of a Smartphone App to Explore Potential Underuse of Prophylactic Aspirin for Preeclampsia

This cohort study compares self-reported data collected from a prenatal care smartphone app with data from pregnant patients’ medical records to assess potential underuse of low-dose aspirin among patients at risk for preeclampsia and reasons for underuse.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130804. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30804
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PSYCHIATRY

Trends in the Use of Benzodiazepines, Z-Hypnotics, and Serotonergic Drugs Among US Women and Men Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

This cohort study examines trends in the prescribing of benzodiazepines, serotonergic drugs, and Z-hypnotics among US adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

has active quiz
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2131012. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.31012
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF CME & MOC

ONCOLOGY

Analysis of Sociodemographic, Clinical, and Genomic Factors Associated With Breast Cancer Mortality in the Linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results and Medicare Database

This cohort study uses linked registry data to investigate the biological and clinical progression of cancer associated with sociodemographic data and screening vs symptomatic detection in women with nonmetastatic invasive estrogen receptor–positive breast cancers.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2131020. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.31020
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

ALLERGY

Association of Self-reported High-Risk Allergy History With Allergy Symptoms After COVID-19 Vaccination

This cohort study examines the risk factors for developing a severe or an immediate allergic reaction to an messenger RNA–based COVID-19 vaccine.

has active quiz
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2131034. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.31034
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF CME & MOC

PUBLIC HEALTH

Regional Disparities in Obesity Among a Heterogeneous Population of Chinese Children and Adolescents

This survey study examines regional disparities in the prevalence of obesity among the heterogeneous population of Chinese children and adolescents to provide a more accurate profile of obesity among children in China.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2131040. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.31040
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

HEALTH POLICY

Association of Expanded Health Care Networks With Utilization Among Veterans Affairs Enrollees

This cross-sectional study evaluates the change in health care utilization among enrollees in the Veteran Affairs Health Care System (VA) after an expansion in the covered network.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2131141. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.31141
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION

Association of Physical Therapy Interventions With Long-term Opioid Use After Total Knee Replacement

This cohort study evaluates associations of physical therapy interventions before and after total knee replacement with long-term use of opioids after total knee replacement among US adults.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2131271. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.31271
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

DIABETES AND ENDOCRINOLOGY

Feasibility of Electronic Health Record Assessment of 6 Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Self-management Habits and Their Association With Glycemic Outcomes

This cross-sectional study describes the use of an electronic health record (EHR) workflow to assess 6 pediatric type 1 diabetes self-management habits and examines the association of these habits with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and time in range.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2131278. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.31278
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PUBLIC HEALTH

Association of Estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Midlife With Cardiometabolic Outcomes and Mortality

This cohort study examines the association of estimated cardiorespiratory fitness in midlife with subclinical atherosclerosis, arterial stiffness, incident cardiometabolic disease, and mortality among participants in the Framingham Offspring Study.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2131284. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.31284
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

ALLERGY

Association Between Prenatal Exposure to Metals and Atopic Dermatitis Among Children Aged 4 Years in Taiwan

This cohort study examines the association between prenatal exposure to arsenic and other metals and the development of atopic dermatitis among young children in central and eastern Taiwan.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2131327. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.31327
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

NEUROLOGY

Comparison of Dural Venous Sinus Volumes Before and After Flight in Astronauts With and Without Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome

This cohort study clarifies the risk of internal jugular venous thrombosis among astronauts by evaluating the intracranial venous structures following spaceflight and assesses associations between intracranial venous congestion and spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS).

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2131465. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.31465
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

ANESTHESIOLOGY

Association of Epidural Analgesia in Women in Labor With Neonatal and Childhood Outcomes in a Population Cohort

This cohort study uses data on mother-infant pairs from the Scottish National Health Service to investigate the association of epidural anesthesia use during labor with neonatal and childhood outcomes.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2131683. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.31683
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

ONCOLOGY

Comparison of Design, Eligibility, and Outcomes of Neuroendocrine Neoplasm Trials Initiated From 2000 to 2009 vs 2010 to 2020

This quality improvement study assesses changes in study design, eligibility accrual, sponsorship, and outcomes between neuroendocrine neoplasm studies that began enrollment from 2000 to 2009 vs 2010 to 2020.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2131744. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.31744
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

NEPHROLOGY

Immunogenicity Rates After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in People With End-stage Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses immunogenicity rates after COVID-19 vaccination in people with end-stage kidney disease and risk factors associated with nonresponse.

has active quiz
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2131749. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.31749
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF CME & MOC

HEALTH POLICY

Financial Hardship Among Pregnant and Postpartum Women in the United States, 2013 to 2018

This cross-sectional study evaluates the prevalence of financial hardship, including as unmet health care need due to cost, health care unaffordability, and general financial stress, among peripartum women over time and by insurance type and income.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2132103. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.32103
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PSYCHIATRY

The Association of Suicidal Ideation With Firearm Purchasing During a Firearm Purchasing Surge

This survey study assesses the frequency of suicidal ideation among individuals who purchased firearms during the 2020 to 2021 purchasing surge with other firearm owners and non–firearm owners.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2132111. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.32111
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Assessment of Federal Value-Based Incentive Programs and In-Hospital Clostridioides difficile Infection Rates

This nonrandomized clinical trial examines the association between value-based incentive program implementation and health care facility−associated Clostridioides difficile infection rates.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2132114. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.32114
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF
open access Invited Commentary

MEDICAL EDUCATION

Weighing the Benefits and Unintended Consequences of a 2-Phased Match

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2124400. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.24400
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY

Pregnancy After Transplant—Addressing Mode of Obstetrical Delivery Among Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2127414. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27414
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PEDIATRICS

Urgent Appeal From Hospice Nurses for Pediatric Palliative Care Training and Community

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2127958. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27958
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

ONCOLOGY

Understanding and Addressing Cancer Care Costs in the United States

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2127964. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27964
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PUBLIC HEALTH

Our Limited Knowledge of Youth Suicide Risk and Firearm Access

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2127965. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27965
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

ONCOLOGY

Strategies to Turn Real-world Data Into Real-world Knowledge

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128045. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28045
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PEDIATRICS

Motivational Interviewing and the Use of Psychological Services Among Youth With Chronic Medical Conditions

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2129077. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29077
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE

When Doctors and Families Disagree in the Neurologic Intensive Care Unit—Misunderstandings and Optimistic Beliefs

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2129079. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29079
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

ONCOLOGY

An Opportunity to Reduce Disparities in Lung Cancer Screening

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2129126. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29126
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PSYCHIATRY

Maternal Metabolic Disease and Offspring Neurodevelopment—An Evolving Public Health Crisis

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2129674. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29674
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PUBLIC HEALTH

Exploring Barriers and Facilitators to COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Among Black and Latinx Communities

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2129675. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29675
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

IMAGING

It Is Time to Inform Patients of Medical Imaging Risks

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2129681. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29681
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

NEUROLOGY

Lack of Support for the Use of VMAT-2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Tics in Tourette Syndrome

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2129704. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29704
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Use of Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors During the COVID-19 Pandemic—Evidence in Favor of Monotherapy

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2129707. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29707
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

SURGERY

Replantations and the 10 000-Hour Rule—When Practice Does Not Make Perfect

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2129999. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29999
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

CARDIOLOGY

Diastolic Blood Pressure and the J-Curve—Causal Effect or Confounding?

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130031. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30031
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PUBLIC HEALTH

Racially Segregated Schooling and the Cognitive Health of Black Adults in the United States—Why It Matters

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130448. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30448
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION

Can e-Cigarettes Help Adults Who Smoke Successfully Quit All Combusted Tobacco Products?

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130924. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30924
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

DIVERSITY, EQUITY, AND INCLUSION

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Rates of Invasive Secondary Breast Cancer Among Women With Ductal Carcinoma In Situ in Hawaiʻi

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130925. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30925
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

GERIATRICS

Overcoming Therapeutic Inertia in Type 2 Diabetes Care—Timing, Context, and Appropriateness of Treatment Intensification

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130926. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30926
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PEDIATRICS

High-Flow Nasal Cannula Use and Patient-Centered Outcomes for Pediatric Bronchiolitis

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130927. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30927
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

Megacity, Microscale Livable Space, and Major Depression

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130941. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30941
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PEDIATRICS

Contextualizing Adverse Childhood Experiences—Intersections With Structural Adversity and Imperatives for Future Research

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130950. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30950
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PUBLIC HEALTH

The Role of Real-Time Health Data and Health Information Technology in Reducing Diabetes Risk and Advancing Population Health

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130955. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30955
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY

Miscommunication About Low-Dose Aspirin for Preeclampsia Prevention—Further Support for Universal Prophylaxis

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130960. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30960
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

UROLOGY

Comparing Cardiovascular Outcomes With Degarelix or Leuprolide as Prostate Cancer Therapy—Applying Real-world Data to Clinical Trial Emulation

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2131429. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.31429
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

ANESTHESIOLOGY

Evidence Mounts Refuting an Association Between Epidural Use and Neurodevelopmental Adverse Outcomes in Children

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2131722. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.31722
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

GERIATRICS

Valuing Alzheimer Disease Therapies—Considering Costs and Benefits Beyond the Patient

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2131913. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.31913
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PUBLIC HEALTH

Preventing Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 During College Football Games

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2135592. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.35592
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF
open access Research Letter

HEALTH POLICY

Group Practice Performance in the Second Year of Medicare’s Merit-Based Incentive Payment System

This cross-sectional study describes performance among group practices in the second year of the Medicare Merit-Based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) program.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128267. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28267
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY

Trends in Infertility Care Among Commercially Insured US Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic

This cross-sectional study uses interrupted time series analysis of administrative claims data to evaluate trends in infertility and assisted reproductive technology utilization rates, including pattern differences by age, income, or race and ethnicity, among commercially insured US women during the COVID-19 pandemic.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128520. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28520
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PEDIATRICS

Landlord Behavior After Receiving Pediatrician-Generated Letters to Address Poor Housing Conditions

This cohort study examines whether providing a pediatrician-generated letter regarding patients’ poor housing conditions can encourage landlords to improve those conditions.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128527. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28527
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

DIVERSITY, EQUITY, AND INCLUSION

Trends in Race and Ethnicity Among Matriculants to US Oncology Training Programs, 2015-2020

This cross-sectional study assesses underrepresented minority trends across oncology specialties from 2015 to 2020.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128530. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28530
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PEDIATRICS

Temporal Trends in Suicide Attempts Among Children in the Decade Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Paris, France

This cross-sectional study uses surveillance data to assess temporal trends in suicide attempts among children admitted to a pediatric emergency department in Paris, France, in the decade before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128611. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28611
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

HEALTH POLICY

Accessibility of Medicare Diabetes Prevention Programs and Variation by State, Race, and Ethnicity

This cross-sectional study examines the accessibility of the Medicare Diabetes Prevention Program and investigates whether there are disparities in access among racial and ethnic minority beneficiaries at the state level.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128797. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28797
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PULMONARY MEDICINE

D-Dimer Testing for the Exclusion of Pulmonary Embolism Among Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19

This prognostic study evaluates the use of plasma D-dimer concentrations to rule out pulmonary embolism among patients hospitalized with COVID-19.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128802. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28802
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

PUBLIC HEALTH

Cervical Cancer Screening Among Medicaid Patients During Natural Disasters and the COVID-19 Pandemic in Puerto Rico, 2016 to 2020

This cohort study examines rates of cervical cancer screening in Puerto Rico among women with Medicaid health coverage following the 2017 hurricanes, earthquakes in late 2019-2020, and the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown.

has active quiz
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128806. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28806
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF CME & MOC

HEMATOLOGY

Hydroxyurea Use After Transitions of Care Among Young Adults With Sickle Cell Disease and Tennessee Medicaid Insurance

This cohort study examines whether hydroxyurea use changes in young adults with sickle cell disease who are transitioning from pediatric to adult health care.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128971. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28971
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

HEALTH POLICY

Assessment of Changes in US Veterans Health Administration Care Delivery Methods During the COVID-19 Pandemic

This cross-sectional study assesses changes in health care delivery methods, including all forms of care either purchased or provided by the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), for VHA enrollees in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

has active quiz
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2129139. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29139
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF CME & MOC

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Administration of Monoclonal Antibody for COVID-19 in Patient Homes

This cohort study examines the outcomes of a program providing monoclonal antibody treatments to COVID-19–positive patients in their homes.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2129388. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29388
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

HEALTH POLICY

Association of Immediate Release of Test Results to Patients With Implications for Clinical Workflow

This cross-sectional study assesses changes in the volume of patient-initiated messages to clinicians associated with release of test results before and after implementation of the 21st Century Cures Act.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2129553. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29553
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF

MEDICAL EDUCATION

Residency Program Director Perspectives on Changes to US Medical Licensing Examination

This survey study examines the perspectives of residency program directors regarding reporting the US Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 as pass/fail and discontinuing Step 2 Clinical Skills.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2129557. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29557
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OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY

Changes in Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Associated With the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States

This cross-sectional study evaluates the change in rates of pregnancy complications during the COVID-19 pandemic among pregnant women with commercial health insurance across the US.

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JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2129560. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29560
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GENETICS AND GENOMICS

Estimated Cost-effectiveness of Genetic Testing in Siblings of Newborns With Cancer Susceptibility Gene Variants

This economic evaluation examines the costs and benefits of cascade testing of siblings of newborns with cancer susceptibility gene variants.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2129742. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29742
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GLOBAL HEALTH

Hospitalization for Chagas Heart Disease in the United States From 2002 to 2017

This cross-sectional study examines characteristics and outcomes of estimated discharges for Chagas heart disease in the United States from 2002 to 2017.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2129959. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29959
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PUBLIC HEALTH

Characterization of Prescription Patterns and Estimated Costs for Use of Oxygen Concentrators for Home Oxygen Therapy in the US

This quality improvement study evaluates the electricity costs associated with the use of oxygen concentrators for home oxygen therapy among Medicare beneficiaries in the US.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2129967. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29967
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HEALTH POLICY

Changes in Virtual and In-Person Health Care Utilization in a Large Health System During the COVID-19 Pandemic

This cross-sectional study evaluates how the growth of virtual care has impacted health care utilization in an integrated delivery network.

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JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2129973. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29973
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PUBLIC HEALTH

Assessment of the Burden of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Among Essential Workers in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada

This cohort study examines the burden of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern among frontline essential workers and by income in the City of Toronto and Region of Peel, Canada.

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JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130284. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30284
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PUBLIC HEALTH

Quantifying and Benchmarking Disparities in COVID-19 Vaccination Rates by Race and Ethnicity

This decision analytical model quantifies disparities in uptake of COVID-19 vaccination by race and ethnicity and models alternative scenarios of persistent differential uptake and reduced barriers to access.

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JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130343. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30343
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ONCOLOGY

Lung Cancer Screening Eligibility and Screening Patterns Among Black and White Adults in the United States

This cohort study compares the demographics of US adults who are currently being screened for lung cancer and assesses the potential association between proposed changes to the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) screening recommendations and screening rates by race and age.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130350. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30350
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HEALTH POLICY

Association Between Hospital Performance Metrics and Market Share

This cross-sectional ecological study examines the association between publicly reported hospital performance scores in Hospital Care Compare and hospital market share.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130353. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30353
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DIVERSITY, EQUITY, AND INCLUSION

National Prevalence of Disability and Disability Types Among Adults in the US, 2019

This cross-sectional study uses data from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to examine the most recent estimates of disability prevalence among adults in the US.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130358. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30358
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NEUROLOGY

Assessment of Cognitive Function in Patients After COVID-19 Infection

This cross-sectional study examines rates of cognitive impairment among patients who survived COVID-19 and whether the care setting was associated with cognitive impairment rates.

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JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130645. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30645
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PUBLIC HEALTH

Association of University Student Gatherings With Community COVID-19 Infections Before and After the NCAA March Madness Tournament

This cross-sectional study examines the association of large celebrations at universities across the US, before and after the NCAA March Madness tournament, with COVID-19 infections in a university’s county.

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JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130783. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30783
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PUBLIC HEALTH

Evaluation of Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake and Adherence Among Women Without Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in the US

This cross-sectional study compares uptake rates of cervical cancer screening and adherence among US women who were vaccinated for human papillomavirus vs those who were not vaccinated.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2131129. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.31129
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GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY

Association of COVID-19 With New Waiting List Registrations and Liver Transplantation for Alcoholic Hepatitis in the United States

This cross-sectional study examines trends in new waiting list registrations and liver transplantation for alcoholic hepatitis before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US.

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JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2131132. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.31132
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PUBLIC HEALTH

Protective Behaviors Against COVID-19 by Individual Vaccination Status in 12 Countries During the Pandemic

This cross-sectional study examines associations of protective behaviors against COVID-19 among individuals in 12 countries who had received 0, 1, or 2 COVID-19 vaccine doses.

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JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2131137. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.31137
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HEALTH POLICY

Association Between Waste-Free Formularies and Prescription Drug Spending Among Self-insured Employers

This quality improvement study evaluates the association between waste-free formularies and prescription drug spending for 2 large self-insured employers.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2131486. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.31486
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HEALTH INFORMATICS

Trends in Electronic Health Record Inbox Messaging During the COVID-19 Pandemic in an Ambulatory Practice Network in New England

This cross-sectional study compares patient electronic health record (EHR) inbox message volume in an ambulatory practice network in New England during the COVID-19 pandemic with prepandemic levels.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2131490. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.31490
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GERIATRICS

Use of the Patient-Identified Top Health Priority in Care Decision-making for Older Adults With Multiple Chronic Conditions

This cross-sectional study assesses how patient-identified top health priorities can be incorporated into the care of older adults with multiple chronic conditions while facilitating decision-making that aligns with these priorities.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2131496. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.31496
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STATISTICS AND RESEARCH METHODS

Evaluation of Planned Subgroup Analysis in Protocols of Randomized Clinical Trials

This cross-sectional study compares randomized clinical trial protocols to assess the prevalence and reporting quality of planned subgroup analyses over time.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2131503. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.31503
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PUBLIC HEALTH

Contact and SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among College Football Athletes in the Southeastern Conference During the COVID-19 Pandemic

This cohort study of college football players in a single athletic conference examines the association of close contact events among players on opposing teams and subsequent positive SARS-CoV-2 tests.

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JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2135566. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.35566
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open access Correction

Error in Results, Discussion, and Table

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2132776. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.32776
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Error in Discussion

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2133270. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.33270
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Error in Figure Caption

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2133433. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.33433
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Error in Byline

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2134403. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.34403
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Error in Byline

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2135027. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.35027
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Spelling Error

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2135416. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.35416
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Error in Article Information

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2135629. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.35629
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Error in Byline

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2135869. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.35869
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Error in Tables

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2136454. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.36454
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JAMA Network Open

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2133352. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.33352
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