• A 39-year-old man died of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL). At age 35, he had undergone an operation for a frontal astrocytoma (grade 4), and received a 6,000-rad cranial irradiation, followed by intensive chemotherapy combining teniposide (VM-26) plus lomustine and 2,4-diamino-5-4'-dichlorophenyl-6-methylpyrimidine (DDMP). This new case of ANLL occurring as a second neoplasm in a patient previously treated for a malignant brain tumor is considered to be related to the antineoplastic therapy.