Neurofibromatosis Type I in Childhood by Kathryn North is another volume of the International Child Neurology Series. In it, North provides an excellent review of this multisystem disorder and includes the most recent developments in the field. In addition, she tackles challenging issues, such as the basis for cognitive difficulties in patients with neurofibromatosis, the diagnosis of optic gliomas, and the "UBO" controversy (unidentified brain objects seen on brain imaging of patients with neurofibromatosis). David Gutman contributes to this volume by comprehensively reviewing the molecular biology of the disease.