In July 2014, WellPoint launched a national program to pay oncologists for adhering to cancer care pathways specified by the insurer.1 Other insurance carriers, as well as Medicare, are looking at this initiative to judge its success before embarking on their own programs. These programs should concern practicing oncologists who might one day face the prospect of managing patients based on payers’ preferences rather than agreed-upon pathways of care that apply to all patients, regardless of who pays the bill.