Medical imaging has revolutionized patient care in the past 100 years. Yet, radiation exposure to individuals from medical imaging procedures has increased substantially and by some estimates more than 8-fold since 1980, which may become a serious public health issue due to increased risk for secondary cancers from radiation exposure.1 Whether to image and how to image an individual patient is not only an ongoing technical challenge but also an ethical concern to the public health in an era of ever-increasing radiation exposure.